Play Custom MIDI Songs on a Piezo Buzzer (Arduino Uno & ESP32 Code Generator)

Breadboard (Regular)

Arduino Uno Rev3

MIDI To C Array Converter

40 colored male-female jumper wires

220ohm Resistor

40 colored male-male jumper wires

ESP32 development board

Arduino IDE

python

<html><body><h3>MIDI-TO-ARDUINO-CONVERTER</h3> A Python script by Vihanga Nethmaka that converts single-track MIDI files into ready-to-use C/C++ arrays ( <code class="code">melody_data.h </code>) for playing music on microcontrollers like Arduino Uno and ESP32 using the <code class="code">tone() </code>function. <h3>1. How to Use the Converter (app.py)</h3> Unlike command-line converters, this script uses a simple configuration variable, making the workflow extremely straightforward. Prerequisites (Software) 1. Python: Ensure you have Python 3.x installed. 2. Mido Library: You need the <code class="code">mido </code>library to read and parse MIDI files. Install it using pip: <pre>pip install mido </pre> Conversion Steps 1. Select MIDI File: Place your desired single-track MIDI file (e.g., <code class="code">my_new_song.mid </code>) into the same root directory as the <code class="code">app.py </code>script. 2. Edit app.py : Open the <code class="code">app.py </code>file and locate the configuration section near the top. You must change the <code class="code">MIDI_FILENAME </code>variable to the exact name of your MIDI file (the currently selected line in your Canvas): <pre># Example Change: </pre><pre>MIDI_FILENAME = "my_new_song.mid" </pre> 3. Run the Script: Execute the Python file from your terminal: <pre>python app.py </pre> 4. Find the Output: The script will automatically create a folder named <code class="code">MIDI_Tune_Player </code>(if it doesn't exist) and place the generated code in: <pre>MIDI_Tune_Player/melody_data.h </pre> (Note: If a melody_data.h file already exists, the script will automatically back it up to the MIDI_Tune_Player/Backups folder before generating the new one.) <h3>2. Circuit Setup for Buzzer Playback</h3> This project uses a simple passive piezoelectric buzzer. The connection is straightforward, but adding a resistor is recommended for component protection. Components Needed <ol><li>Arduino Uno or ESP32 Development Board </li><li>Passive Piezoelectric Buzzer </li><li>Jumper Wires </li><li>Current-Limiting Resistor (≈220Ω recommended) </li></ol> Wiring Instructions and Microcontroller Specifics Safety Note: Using a current-limiting resistor (like 220Ω or similar, such as 100Ω to 330Ω) in series with the positive lead of the passive piezo buzzer is a best practice for protecting the microcontroller's digital pin from back EMF. <blockquote>Part A: Arduino Uno Circuit </blockquote> The Arduino Uno uses the standard <code class="code">tone() </code>function. Arduino Uno Wiring 1. Connect one end of the Resistor to Digital Pin 8 on the Arduino Uno. 2. Connect the other end of the Resistor to the Positive (+) lead of the Passive Buzzer. 3. Connect the Negative (-) lead of the Passive Buzzer to a GND pin on the Arduino Uno. <figure><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/VihangaNethmaka/MIDI-To-Arduino-Converter/refs/heads/main/circuits/Arduino.png"/><figcaption>Arduino Uno Wiring Diagram</figcaption></figure> Storage Warning (Arduino Uno) The Arduino Uno has limited Flash memory (typically 32KB). Since the converted music data arrays are stored using the <code class="code">PROGMEM </code>keyword (Flash memory), long songs can easily consume all available storage. Be aware that a melody with several hundred notes might exceed the memory limit of the Uno. Consider using shorter MIDI files or upgrading to a board with more flash memory (like an ESP32 or Arduino Mega) for complex pieces. <blockquote>Part B: ESP32 Circuit </blockquote> The ESP32 uses the powerful LED Control (LEDC) peripheral for high-precision tone generation, which is handled automatically by the standard Arduino <code class="code">tone() </code>function used in the sketch. ESP32 Wiring 1. Connect one end of the Resistor to GPIO Pin 25 on the ESP32 Development Board. 2. Connect the other end of the Resistor to the Positive (+) lead of the Passive Buzzer. 3. Connect the Negative (-) lead of the Passive Buzzer to a GND pin on the ESP32. <figure><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/VihangaNethmaka/MIDI-To-Arduino-Converter/refs/heads/main/circuits/ESP32.png"/><figcaption>ESP32 Wiring Diagram</figcaption></figure> <h3>Author &amp; Contributor</h3> This project was created and is maintained by: Vihanga Nethmaka <a href="https://github.com/VihangaNethmaka">GitHub </a> </body></html>

MIDI-To-Arduino-Converter

Play Custom MIDI Songs on a Piezo Buzzer (Arduino Uno & ESP32 Code Generator)

A Python script that converts single-track MIDI files into C/C++ arrays (melody_data.h) for playing music via the tone() function on Arduino Uno and ESP32.