Theremino: a theremin made with Arduino

1/*
2  This projects is a theremin created with two ultrasonic sensors,   one controls the frequency (tone) and the other controls the amplitude (volume).
3   This project is a fork of two projects:
4    - https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/opus9/theremino-f72d32   (this project had library conflicts)
5    - https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/jvmccall/ultrasonic-theremin-033d6f   (this project had typo errors in the code and a mistake in the schema)
6  Resource   on controlling similar potentiometer using SPI protocol, provides example code and   electrical setup: http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/MCP4131-digital-potentiometer-circuit.php
7*/
8
9/*                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
10   Potentiometer conecctions:
11 1 - Arduino pin ~9
12 2 - Speaker +
13 3 - GND
14   4 - 5V
15 5 - Arduino pin ~10
16 6 - Arduino pin 13
17 7 - Arduino pin ~11
18   8 - GND
19 More info https://app.ultralibrarian.com/details/23D04BE7-10A0-11E9-AB3A-0A3560A4CCCC/Microchip/MCP4161-103E-P
20*/
21
22//   NewTone is used to avoid the timer incompatibiliy of Tone with NewPing. Download   https://bitbucket.org/teckel12/arduino-new-tone/downloads/ and import .zip
23#include   <NewTone.h>
24#include <NewPing.h>
25#include <SPI.h>
26
27#define MIN_DISTANCE   35 
28
29NewPing sonar(5, 6, 35); // the first and the second number are the pins   of the sensor of volume, the third is the maximum distance
30
31// For SPI
32byte   address = 0x00;
33int CS= 10;
34
35int echo = 3;                            
36int   trigger = 4;
37
38int distance;
39int PotValue;
40
41unsigned long TimeResponse;
42float   distance2;
43float tone1;
44
45void setup() {
46  // set all the pins 
47  Serial.begin(9600);   
48  pinMode(trigger, OUTPUT); // tone sensor                    
49  pinMode(echo,   INPUT); // tone sensor    
50  pinMode (CS, OUTPUT);
51  SPI.begin();
52
53   // this has the speaker emit a start up sound from Low to High to Low
54  digitalPotWrite(255);
55   
56  for (int i = 50; i <= 400; i++)
57  {
58    pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
59    NewTone(9,i);
60     delay(10);
61  }
62  
63  delay(500);
64  
65  for (int i = 400; i >= 50;   i--)
66  {
67    pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
68    NewTone(9,i);
69    delay(10);
70   } 
71}
72
73void loop() {  
74  digitalWrite(trigger, HIGH);           
75   delayMicroseconds(10);   // creates a 10 microsecond pulse                      
76   digitalWrite(trigger, LOW);                   
77  TimeResponse = pulseIn(echo,   HIGH);  // records how long it took to receive echo of the pulse
78  distance2   = TimeResponse/58;  // calculates distance in centimeters
79
80  if (distance2   < MIN_DISTANCE) { 
81    // conversion of distance into a value for a sound 
82     tone1 = 50.0*pow(2,(distance2/12.0));  // calculate frequency, range of about   50-360 Hz
83    pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
84    NewTone(9,tone1);
85  } else {
86     pinMode(9, OUTPUT); // this sets the sound to a high pitched noise when no distance   is detected
87    NewTone(9,0);
88  }
89 
90  distance = sonar.ping_cm(); //   uses the library NewPing to calculate distance
91
92  // distance is converted   to Potentiometer relevant values
93  int PotValue = map(distance, 0, 35, 240, 255);   // only use a range of resistance which is very low otherwise the speaker is too   quiet because it is only a 8 ohm speaker
94
95  if (distance == 0) // sets volume   to max when no hand is detected or if hand is too far away
96  {
97    PotValue   = 255;
98  }
99
100  digitalPotWrite(PotValue);
101  delay(10);  
102}
103
104int   digitalPotWrite(int value) {
105  digitalWrite(CS, LOW); // this uses SPI protocol   to communicate with the potentiometer and sets the resistance
106  SPI.transfer(address);
107   SPI.transfer(value);
108  digitalWrite(CS, HIGH);
109}

1/*
2  This projects is a theremin created with two ultrasonic sensors,  one controls the frequency (tone) and the other controls the amplitude (volume).
3  This project is a fork of two projects:
4    - https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/opus9/theremino-f72d32  (this project had library conflicts)
5    - https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/jvmccall/ultrasonic-theremin-033d6f  (this project had typo errors in the code and a mistake in the schema)
6  Resource  on controlling similar potentiometer using SPI protocol, provides example code and  electrical setup: http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/MCP4131-digital-potentiometer-circuit.php
7*/
8
9/*                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
10  Potentiometer conecctions:
11 1 - Arduino pin ~9
12 2 - Speaker +
13 3 - GND
14  4 - 5V
15 5 - Arduino pin ~10
16 6 - Arduino pin 13
17 7 - Arduino pin ~11
18  8 - GND
19 More info https://app.ultralibrarian.com/details/23D04BE7-10A0-11E9-AB3A-0A3560A4CCCC/Microchip/MCP4161-103E-P
20*/
21
22//  NewTone is used to avoid the timer incompatibiliy of Tone with NewPing. Download  https://bitbucket.org/teckel12/arduino-new-tone/downloads/ and import .zip
23#include  <NewTone.h>
24#include <NewPing.h>
25#include <SPI.h>
26
27#define MIN_DISTANCE  35 
28
29NewPing sonar(5, 6, 35); // the first and the second number are the pins  of the sensor of volume, the third is the maximum distance
30
31// For SPI
32byte  address = 0x00;
33int CS= 10;
34
35int echo = 3;                            
36int  trigger = 4;
37
38int distance;
39int PotValue;
40
41unsigned long TimeResponse;
42float  distance2;
43float tone1;
44
45void setup() {
46  // set all the pins 
47  Serial.begin(9600);  
48  pinMode(trigger, OUTPUT); // tone sensor                    
49  pinMode(echo,  INPUT); // tone sensor    
50  pinMode (CS, OUTPUT);
51  SPI.begin();
52
53  // this has the speaker emit a start up sound from Low to High to Low
54  digitalPotWrite(255);
55  
56  for (int i = 50; i <= 400; i++)
57  {
58    pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
59    NewTone(9,i);
60    delay(10);
61  }
62  
63  delay(500);
64  
65  for (int i = 400; i >= 50;  i--)
66  {
67    pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
68    NewTone(9,i);
69    delay(10);
70  } 
71}
72
73void loop() {  
74  digitalWrite(trigger, HIGH);           
75  delayMicroseconds(10);   // creates a 10 microsecond pulse                      
76  digitalWrite(trigger, LOW);                   
77  TimeResponse = pulseIn(echo,  HIGH);  // records how long it took to receive echo of the pulse
78  distance2  = TimeResponse/58;  // calculates distance in centimeters
79
80  if (distance2  < MIN_DISTANCE) { 
81    // conversion of distance into a value for a sound 
82    tone1 = 50.0*pow(2,(distance2/12.0));  // calculate frequency, range of about  50-360 Hz
83    pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
84    NewTone(9,tone1);
85  } else {
86    pinMode(9, OUTPUT); // this sets the sound to a high pitched noise when no distance  is detected
87    NewTone(9,0);
88  }
89 
90  distance = sonar.ping_cm(); //  uses the library NewPing to calculate distance
91
92  // distance is converted  to Potentiometer relevant values
93  int PotValue = map(distance, 0, 35, 240, 255);  // only use a range of resistance which is very low otherwise the speaker is too  quiet because it is only a 8 ohm speaker
94
95  if (distance == 0) // sets volume  to max when no hand is detected or if hand is too far away
96  {
97    PotValue  = 255;
98  }
99
100  digitalPotWrite(PotValue);
101  delay(10);  
102}
103
104int  digitalPotWrite(int value) {
105  digitalWrite(CS, LOW); // this uses SPI protocol  to communicate with the potentiometer and sets the resistance
106  SPI.transfer(address);
107  SPI.transfer(value);
108  digitalWrite(CS, HIGH);
109}