Vacuum Fluorescent Display Controller

A simple interface circuit to drive VFD displays. No fancy parts required, and runs on serial communication.

Feb 22, 2019

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Devices & Components

Arduino Uno Rev3

CD4017

VFD Display

BC547

PC817

470nF Capacitor

1N4007 – High Voltage, High Current Rated Diode

Electrolitic Capacitors

CD4094

BC557

Dupont Jumpers

Perfboard

1/4W Resistors

Hardware & Tools

Wire Clipper

Solder Wire

Wire

Soldering iron (generic)

Project description

Code

Arduino code with working routine

arduino

1/*
2    Versatile VFD Display Hrdware Interface Arduino Program
3    Copyright (C) 2019  Genny A. Carogna
4
5    This program is free software:  you can redistribute it and/or modify
6    it under the terms of the GNU General  Public License as published by
7    the Free Software Foundation, either version  3 of the License, or
8    (at your option) any later version.
9
10    This  program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11    but WITHOUT ANY  WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS  FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
13    GNU General Public License for more details.
14
15    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16    along  with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
17*/
18
19
20
21/*  this code uses resources from the Arduino in a "behind the curtains" way, the  timer1 and SPI modules are both used and busy
22 * , so you may have big problems  using SPI, SPI pins, and some functionalities based upon timer1... the circuit proposed
23  * doesn't have an onboard memory, so the segment setup must be "scanned" continuosly,  every grid, 100 times per second
24 * , from the Arduino segments array, this translates  also on the so-called "overhaed" CPU work, that, for you to know, it's
25 * no  more than regular use of a micro at the end, it may hit around 3% of CPU work in  terms of occupied time, you can also try
26 * to use the regular SPI tools of Arduino  but it needs an indepth analisys of the outtake and procedure
27 * 
28 * this  code works with whatever 8 bit Arduino, also 3.3V should work ok, maybe reduce the  SCK frequency, considering the CD4094 are
29 * powered along it and may "undervolt"  (yes, exactly the overclock principles to fry your beloved PC)
30 */
31
32
33
34
35#define  ledLed 13  // it's the led pin that leds a led on to led you know that a led on  means some led related stuff (scientist mumbojumbo of course)
36
37#define strobePin  4  // the Arduino pin to dedicate to the "strobe" line
38#define strobeHold 10  // microseconds // holding time to switch the optocoupler... not megahertz-fast  but acceptable
39
40
41
42
43
44
45// data for my displays (a video cassette  recorder, an audiophoolery CD reader and a compact stereo)... dont mind, delete,  and just define "gridAmount" and "anodeAmount"
46#define JVC
47
48#define  mitsubishiGrids 10
49#define mitsubishiAnodes 9
50#define marantzGrids 9
51#define  marantzAnodes 14
52#define JVCGrids 11
53#define JVCAnodes 19
54
55#if defined  mitsubishi
56#define gridAmount mitsubishiGrids
57#define anodeAmount mitsubishiAnodes
58
59#elif  defined marantz
60#define gridAmount marantzGrids
61#define anodeAmount marantzAnodes
62
63#elif  defined JVC
64#define gridAmount JVCGrids
65#define anodeAmount JVCAnodes
66#endif
67
68
69
70
71
72//  this array, segments[x], stores the segment bits
73// segments[0] means grid zero,  and the least significative bit is segment zero in that grid
74// you can access  and modify this array as you like, from wherever, without doing anything else, the  effect is immediately visible on
75// the display, and stays on as long you don't  change the bits, for more than 8 segments per grid displays, you need a
76// 16  or 32 bit container per grid, this is managed automatically from the #define(s)  above
77#if anodeAmount > 16
78volatile uint32_t segments[gridAmount] = {0};  //  more than 16 segments per grid (32 bit needed)
79#elif anodeAmount > 8
80volatile  uint16_t segments[gridAmount] = {0};  // more than 8 segments per grid (16 bit,  twin transfer)
81#else
82volatile uint8_t segments[gridAmount] = {0};  // 8 or  less segments per grid (8 bit)
83#endif
84
85
86
87
88
89
90void setup(){
91  // turns SPI pins and some functional ones as output in a fast\\direct way
92  *portModeRegister(digitalPinToPort(PIN_SPI_SS)) |= digitalPinToBitMask(PIN_SPI_SS);
93  *portModeRegister(digitalPinToPort(PIN_SPI_MOSI)) |= digitalPinToBitMask(PIN_SPI_MOSI);
94  *portModeRegister(digitalPinToPort(PIN_SPI_SCK)) |= digitalPinToBitMask(PIN_SPI_SCK);
95  *portModeRegister(digitalPinToPort(strobePin)) |= digitalPinToBitMask(strobePin);
96  *portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(strobePin)) &= ~digitalPinToBitMask(strobePin);  // put it low
97  *portModeRegister(digitalPinToPort(ledLed)) |= digitalPinToBitMask(ledLed);
98  *portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(ledLed)) &= ~digitalPinToBitMask(ledLed);  // put it low
99
100  delay(800);  // some delay to wait for the CD4017 reset  to complete (you need to run the code AFTER powering up the 4017s, this makes it  automatic in case you power all in once)
101
102  cli();  // disables interrupts  to let us tweak some stuff without cats and dogs escaping everywhere
103
104  //  timer1 configuration, it makes an interrupt happen "grids times 100" per second...  this gives a 100Hz total refresh that is ok
105  TCCR1A = 0;
106  TCCR1B = 0;
107  TCNT1  = 0;
108  OCR1A = 160000 / gridAmount;
109  TCCR1B |= (1 << WGM12);
110  TCCR1B |= (1 << CS10);
111  TIMSK1 |= (1 << OCIE1A);
112
113  // SPI configuration,  we cannot use the Arduino SPI tools bcs they rely on interrupts AND we
114  // need  the communication happen INSIDE an interrupt..
115  // change SPR0 for SPR1 and  uncomment the last line to have half SPI clock speed
116  SPCR = (1 << SPE) | (1  << MSTR) | (1 << SPR0);  // 1MHz stock SCK speed
117  // SPSR = (1 << SPI2X);  //  uncomment this and mod above for half clock speed
118
119  sei();  // interrupts  are a go again
120
121  // it's better to put your addictional setup() code from  here
122}
123
124
125
126
127
128  
129// you can do whatever in loop(), delays,  pollings, but disabling interrupts or making the micro halt completely will
130//  freeze the display on a grid, and if the voltage is at top power you may also burn  some segments (!!)
131void loop() {
132  show();  // kinda screensaver, you can  delete
133}
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141// interrupt service routine, this happens  at every grid scan switch and times 100 per second
142ISR(TIMER1_COMPA_vect){
143  /*
144  ATTENTION
145  ATTENTION: i dunno why i need to start "turn" from 1  for proper functionality (i power the Arduino after and it may flip a grid), in  case it keeps missing the correct grid at statup, vary this
146  ATTENTION
147  */
148  static uint8_t turn = 1;  // indestructible variable to remind at what grid we  were the next interrupt
149  
150#if anodeAmount > 24
151  SPDR = ~uint8_t(segments[turn]  >> 24);  // we need negated bits on the CD4094 (cos of the transistors arrangement)
152  while (!(SPSR & (1 << SPIF))) ;  // lets wait it completes the transfer
153#endif
154#if  anodeAmount > 16
155  SPDR = ~uint8_t(segments[turn] >> 16);  // we need negated  bits on the CD4094 (cos of the transistors arrangement)
156  while (!(SPSR & (1  << SPIF))) ;  // lets wait it completes the transfer
157#endif
158#if anodeAmount  > 8
159  SPDR = ~uint8_t(segments[turn] >> 8);  // we need negated bits on the CD4094  (cos of the transistors arrangement)
160  while (!(SPSR & (1 << SPIF))) ;  // lets  wait it completes the transfer
161#endif
162  SPDR = ~uint8_t(segments[turn]);  //  we need negated bits on the CD4094 (cos of the transistors arrangement)
163  while  (!(SPSR & (1 << SPIF))) ;  // lets wait it completes the transfer... yyyYYYAAAAWWWWNNNnnn...........
164
165  // strobing (finally!!) this also switches the grid on the CD4017s
166  *portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(strobePin))  |= digitalPinToBitMask(strobePin);  // fast pin drive ON
167  delayMicroseconds(strobeHold);
168  *portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(strobePin)) &= ~digitalPinToBitMask(strobePin);  // fast pin drive OFF
169
170  // grid turn reminder at rotation
171  turn ++;
172  if (turn == gridAmount) turn = 0;
173}
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
184///////////FROM  NOW THE SKETCH IS REFERRED TO MY DISPLAYS AND VISUAL GAMES, YOU CAN DELETE FROM  HERE ON/////////////////////////
185////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
186
187
188
189
190//  this is just a demo, delete as you like
191void show() {
192  
193  // numbers flip
194#ifdef  mitsubishi
195  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 9; i ++) for (uint8_t j = 0; j < 11; j ++)  {
196    delay(200);
197    mitsubishiPrintNum(j, i);
198  }
199  for (uint8_t i  = 0; i < 9; i ++) for (uint8_t j = 0; j < 11; j ++) {
200    delay(20);
201    mitsubishiPrintNum(j,  i);
202  }
203#elif defined marantz
204  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 6; i ++) for (uint8_t  j = 0; j < 11; j ++) {
205    delay(200);
206    marantzPrintNum(j, i);
207  }
208  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 6; i ++) for (uint8_t j = 0; j < 11; j ++) {
209    delay(20);
210    marantzPrintNum(j, i);
211  }
212#elif defined JVC /*
213  for (uint8_t i =  0; i < 9; i ++) for (uint8_t j = 0; j < 11; j ++) {
214    delay(200);
215    JVCPrintNum(j,  i);
216  }
217  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 9; i ++) for (uint8_t j = 0; j < 11; j ++)  {
218    delay(20);
219    JVCPrintNum(j, i);
220  }*/
221#endif
222
223  delay(500);
224
225
226
227
228  // segments flip
229  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < gridAmount; i ++) for (uint8_t j  = 0; j < anodeAmount + 1; j ++) {
230    delay(100);
231    segments[i] = (uint32_t(1)  << j);
232  }
233
234  delay(500);
235
236
237
238
239  // all the display blinkng
240  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 5; i ++) {
241    delay(200);
242    for (uint8_t j =  0; j < gridAmount; j ++) {
243      segments[j] = 0xFFFFFFFF;
244    }
245    delay(200);
246    for (uint8_t j = 0; j < gridAmount; j ++) {
247      segments[j] = 0;
248    }
249  }
250
251  delay(500);
252}
253
254
255
256// easy peasy seven segment number  visualization
257void mitsubishiPrintNum(uint8_t val, uint8_t pos) {
258  if (pos  > 2) pos ++;
259  
260  uint16_t mask = 0xFF80;
261  uint8_t numbers[] = {B00111111,  B00000110, B01011011, B01001111, B01100110, B01101101, B01111101, B00100111, B01111111,  B01101111, B00000000};
262  
263  switch (pos) {
264    case 0: case 1: case 4:  case 5: case 6: case 7: case 8: segments[pos] &= mask; segments[pos] |= numbers[val];  break;
265    case 2: if (val == 1) segments[1] |= (1 << 8); else segments[1] &=  ~(uint16_t(1) << 8); break;
266    case 9: segments[9] &= 0xFFF0; if (val == 1)  segments[9] |= 3; else if (val == 2) segments[9] |= B1101;
267  }
268}
269
270
271
272
273//  easy peasy seven segment number visualization
274void marantzPrintNum(uint8_t val,  uint8_t pos) {
275  if (pos > 5) return;
276  pos ++;
277  pos ++;
278  
279  uint16_t  mask = 0xFF80;  // bitmask to delete the digit
280  uint8_t numbers[] = {B00111111,  B00000110, B01011011, B01001111, B01100110, B01101101, B01111101, B00100111, B01111111,  B01101111, B00000000};
281  
282  segments[pos] &= mask;  // delete whatever digit
283  segments[pos] |= numbers[val];  // set digit
284}
285
286
287
288
289// easy peasy  seven segment number visualization
290void JVCPrintNum(uint8_t val, uint8_t pos)  {
291  // to come (you really don't care)
292}
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312//
313

/*
    Versatile VFD Display Hrdware Interface Arduino Program
    Copyright (C) 2019  Genny A. Carogna

    This program is free software:  you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General  Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version  3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    This  program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY  WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS  FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along  with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/



/*  this code uses resources from the Arduino in a "behind the curtains" way, the  timer1 and SPI modules are both used and busy
 * , so you may have big problems  using SPI, SPI pins, and some functionalities based upon timer1... the circuit proposed
  * doesn't have an onboard memory, so the segment setup must be "scanned" continuosly,  every grid, 100 times per second
 * , from the Arduino segments array, this translates  also on the so-called "overhaed" CPU work, that, for you to know, it's
 * no  more than regular use of a micro at the end, it may hit around 3% of CPU work in  terms of occupied time, you can also try
 * to use the regular SPI tools of Arduino  but it needs an indepth analisys of the outtake and procedure
 * 
 * this  code works with whatever 8 bit Arduino, also 3.3V should work ok, maybe reduce the  SCK frequency, considering the CD4094 are
 * powered along it and may "undervolt"  (yes, exactly the overclock principles to fry your beloved PC)
 */




#define  ledLed 13  // it's the led pin that leds a led on to led you know that a led on  means some led related stuff (scientist mumbojumbo of course)

#define strobePin  4  // the Arduino pin to dedicate to the "strobe" line
#define strobeHold 10  // microseconds // holding time to switch the optocoupler... not megahertz-fast  but acceptable






// data for my displays (a video cassette  recorder, an audiophoolery CD reader and a compact stereo)... dont mind, delete,  and just define "gridAmount" and "anodeAmount"
#define JVC

#define  mitsubishiGrids 10
#define mitsubishiAnodes 9
#define marantzGrids 9
#define  marantzAnodes 14
#define JVCGrids 11
#define JVCAnodes 19

#if defined  mitsubishi
#define gridAmount mitsubishiGrids
#define anodeAmount mitsubishiAnodes

#elif  defined marantz
#define gridAmount marantzGrids
#define anodeAmount marantzAnodes

#elif  defined JVC
#define gridAmount JVCGrids
#define anodeAmount JVCAnodes
#endif





//  this array, segments[x], stores the segment bits
// segments[0] means grid zero,  and the least significative bit is segment zero in that grid
// you can access  and modify this array as you like, from wherever, without doing anything else, the  effect is immediately visible on
// the display, and stays on as long you don't  change the bits, for more than 8 segments per grid displays, you need a
// 16  or 32 bit container per grid, this is managed automatically from the #define(s)  above
#if anodeAmount > 16
volatile uint32_t segments[gridAmount] = {0};  //  more than 16 segments per grid (32 bit needed)
#elif anodeAmount > 8
volatile  uint16_t segments[gridAmount] = {0};  // more than 8 segments per grid (16 bit,  twin transfer)
#else
volatile uint8_t segments[gridAmount] = {0};  // 8 or  less segments per grid (8 bit)
#endif






void setup(){
  // turns SPI pins and some functional ones as output in a fast\\direct way
  *portModeRegister(digitalPinToPort(PIN_SPI_SS)) |= digitalPinToBitMask(PIN_SPI_SS);
  *portModeRegister(digitalPinToPort(PIN_SPI_MOSI)) |= digitalPinToBitMask(PIN_SPI_MOSI);
  *portModeRegister(digitalPinToPort(PIN_SPI_SCK)) |= digitalPinToBitMask(PIN_SPI_SCK);
  *portModeRegister(digitalPinToPort(strobePin)) |= digitalPinToBitMask(strobePin);
  *portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(strobePin)) &= ~digitalPinToBitMask(strobePin);  // put it low
  *portModeRegister(digitalPinToPort(ledLed)) |= digitalPinToBitMask(ledLed);
  *portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(ledLed)) &= ~digitalPinToBitMask(ledLed);  // put it low

  delay(800);  // some delay to wait for the CD4017 reset  to complete (you need to run the code AFTER powering up the 4017s, this makes it  automatic in case you power all in once)

  cli();  // disables interrupts  to let us tweak some stuff without cats and dogs escaping everywhere

  //  timer1 configuration, it makes an interrupt happen "grids times 100" per second...  this gives a 100Hz total refresh that is ok
  TCCR1A = 0;
  TCCR1B = 0;
  TCNT1  = 0;
  OCR1A = 160000 / gridAmount;
  TCCR1B |= (1 << WGM12);
  TCCR1B |= (1 << CS10);
  TIMSK1 |= (1 << OCIE1A);

  // SPI configuration,  we cannot use the Arduino SPI tools bcs they rely on interrupts AND we
  // need  the communication happen INSIDE an interrupt..
  // change SPR0 for SPR1 and  uncomment the last line to have half SPI clock speed
  SPCR = (1 << SPE) | (1  << MSTR) | (1 << SPR0);  // 1MHz stock SCK speed
  // SPSR = (1 << SPI2X);  //  uncomment this and mod above for half clock speed

  sei();  // interrupts  are a go again

  // it's better to put your addictional setup() code from  here
}





  
// you can do whatever in loop(), delays,  pollings, but disabling interrupts or making the micro halt completely will
//  freeze the display on a grid, and if the voltage is at top power you may also burn  some segments (!!)
void loop() {
  show();  // kinda screensaver, you can  delete
}







// interrupt service routine, this happens  at every grid scan switch and times 100 per second
ISR(TIMER1_COMPA_vect){
  /*
  ATTENTION
  ATTENTION: i dunno why i need to start "turn" from 1  for proper functionality (i power the Arduino after and it may flip a grid), in  case it keeps missing the correct grid at statup, vary this
  ATTENTION
  */
  static uint8_t turn = 1;  // indestructible variable to remind at what grid we  were the next interrupt
  
#if anodeAmount > 24
  SPDR = ~uint8_t(segments[turn]  >> 24);  // we need negated bits on the CD4094 (cos of the transistors arrangement)
  while (!(SPSR & (1 << SPIF))) ;  // lets wait it completes the transfer
#endif
#if  anodeAmount > 16
  SPDR = ~uint8_t(segments[turn] >> 16);  // we need negated  bits on the CD4094 (cos of the transistors arrangement)
  while (!(SPSR & (1  << SPIF))) ;  // lets wait it completes the transfer
#endif
#if anodeAmount  > 8
  SPDR = ~uint8_t(segments[turn] >> 8);  // we need negated bits on the CD4094  (cos of the transistors arrangement)
  while (!(SPSR & (1 << SPIF))) ;  // lets  wait it completes the transfer
#endif
  SPDR = ~uint8_t(segments[turn]);  //  we need negated bits on the CD4094 (cos of the transistors arrangement)
  while  (!(SPSR & (1 << SPIF))) ;  // lets wait it completes the transfer... yyyYYYAAAAWWWWNNNnnn...........

  // strobing (finally!!) this also switches the grid on the CD4017s
  *portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(strobePin))  |= digitalPinToBitMask(strobePin);  // fast pin drive ON
  delayMicroseconds(strobeHold);
  *portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(strobePin)) &= ~digitalPinToBitMask(strobePin);  // fast pin drive OFF

  // grid turn reminder at rotation
  turn ++;
  if (turn == gridAmount) turn = 0;
}









////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///////////FROM  NOW THE SKETCH IS REFERRED TO MY DISPLAYS AND VISUAL GAMES, YOU CAN DELETE FROM  HERE ON/////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////




//  this is just a demo, delete as you like
void show() {
  
  // numbers flip
#ifdef  mitsubishi
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 9; i ++) for (uint8_t j = 0; j < 11; j ++)  {
    delay(200);
    mitsubishiPrintNum(j, i);
  }
  for (uint8_t i  = 0; i < 9; i ++) for (uint8_t j = 0; j < 11; j ++) {
    delay(20);
    mitsubishiPrintNum(j,  i);
  }
#elif defined marantz
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 6; i ++) for (uint8_t  j = 0; j < 11; j ++) {
    delay(200);
    marantzPrintNum(j, i);
  }
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 6; i ++) for (uint8_t j = 0; j < 11; j ++) {
    delay(20);
    marantzPrintNum(j, i);
  }
#elif defined JVC /*
  for (uint8_t i =  0; i < 9; i ++) for (uint8_t j = 0; j < 11; j ++) {
    delay(200);
    JVCPrintNum(j,  i);
  }
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 9; i ++) for (uint8_t j = 0; j < 11; j ++)  {
    delay(20);
    JVCPrintNum(j, i);
  }*/
#endif

  delay(500);




  // segments flip
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < gridAmount; i ++) for (uint8_t j  = 0; j < anodeAmount + 1; j ++) {
    delay(100);
    segments[i] = (uint32_t(1)  << j);
  }

  delay(500);




  // all the display blinkng
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 5; i ++) {
    delay(200);
    for (uint8_t j =  0; j < gridAmount; j ++) {
      segments[j] = 0xFFFFFFFF;
    }
    delay(200);
    for (uint8_t j = 0; j < gridAmount; j ++) {
      segments[j] = 0;
    }
  }

  delay(500);
}



// easy peasy seven segment number  visualization
void mitsubishiPrintNum(uint8_t val, uint8_t pos) {
  if (pos  > 2) pos ++;
  
  uint16_t mask = 0xFF80;
  uint8_t numbers[] = {B00111111,  B00000110, B01011011, B01001111, B01100110, B01101101, B01111101, B00100111, B01111111,  B01101111, B00000000};
  
  switch (pos) {
    case 0: case 1: case 4:  case 5: case 6: case 7: case 8: segments[pos] &= mask; segments[pos] |= numbers[val];  break;
    case 2: if (val == 1) segments[1] |= (1 << 8); else segments[1] &=  ~(uint16_t(1) << 8); break;
    case 9: segments[9] &= 0xFFF0; if (val == 1)  segments[9] |= 3; else if (val == 2) segments[9] |= B1101;
  }
}




//  easy peasy seven segment number visualization
void marantzPrintNum(uint8_t val,  uint8_t pos) {
  if (pos > 5) return;
  pos ++;
  pos ++;
  
  uint16_t  mask = 0xFF80;  // bitmask to delete the digit
  uint8_t numbers[] = {B00111111,  B00000110, B01011011, B01001111, B01100110, B01101101, B01111101, B00100111, B01111111,  B01101111, B00000000};
  
  segments[pos] &= mask;  // delete whatever digit
  segments[pos] |= numbers[val];  // set digit
}




// easy peasy  seven segment number visualization
void JVCPrintNum(uint8_t val, uint8_t pos)  {
  // to come (you really don't care)
}



















//

Downloadable files

General Schematic

I avoided drawing ALL the BC557 transistors because they are just there connected on all the CD4094 outputs, all the same. There's a jumper selector (running on the red line) you must configure on the 4017 chips, it resets the two 4017 at the completion of the grids scanning, you must connect (or solder) the flying jumper on the output pin AFTER the last grid, so if your display has 10 grids the jumper goes on the 11th output. The Arduino connections are outlined in red, you can use the USB power for it but it's strongly advised to use a regular old-style transformer for the remaining supplies if you already have a grounded power supply like your PC. These supplies must be all DC except maybe the filament supply, I added some diodes because it's likely you need a separate transformer with a low voltage secondary. The filament power usually ranges around 3V 150mA, a 5V AC transformer will suffice. The "ballast" thing will possibly be a wirevound power potentiometer of like 100ohms, or a fixed resistor, or also some 1N4007 diodes to reduce the voltage. The BC557 transistors pull the anodes up to anodic voltage and the 100kohm resistors will let the voltage drive fall when the segment is off, while the CD4094 remain at 5V normally. The CD4017s will be powered with grid voltage and don't require additional transistors. There's a "ghetto" reset circuit for the 4017 that lasts like one tenth of a second, you have to wait for it to settle before running the code. The "original" schematic for cascading some CD4017 required other logic gates chips, I used instead an NPN transistor and the optocoupler itself to replicate an AND gate, it's fast enough at closing so it's perfect for the task, at releasing it's instead a bit slower but we don't care, especially because the clock inputs on the 4017 are schmitt triggered and the required speed is not "scary" there. There are various grounds for the chips and stuff as you can see, take a good look.

General Schematic

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