Tutorial for ILI9341 TFT LCD SD and Arduino MEGA (part 1)

This is a tutorial for the full functionality of ILI9341 connected to a Mega

Mar 19, 2021

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Components and supplies

ILI9341 2.8 TFT LCD SD

Jumper wires (generic)

Arduino Mega 2560

Project description

Code

The Program

arduino

EAsy code with basic commands

1//Screeen
2#include <ILI9341_kbv.h>
3ILI9341_kbv tft;
4#define vali0   0   
5
6
7
8
9
10//COLORS
11#define  BLACK   0x0000
12#define BLUE     0x001F
13#define RED     0xF800
14#define GREEN   0x07E0
15#define CYAN    0x07FF
16#define   MAGENTA 0xF81F
17#define YELLOW  0xFFE0
18#define WHITE   0xFFFF
19
20void setup()
21           {
22    
23            tft.begin();
24            tft.setRotation(1);//   Landscape
25            tft.fillScreen(TFT_PINK);// set color iitial screen 
26   
27          }
28          
29
30
31
32 
33        
34void loop(){
35
36   //Some text to see on the screen 
37      tft.setCursor(0, 0);
38      tft.fillScreen(TFT_BLUE);
39       tft.setTextColor(YELLOW); 
40      tft.setTextSize(2);
41      tft.print("YELLOW");
42       tft.setTextSize(4);
43      tft.setTextColor(RED); 
44      tft.setTextSize(3);
45       tft.print("RED");
46      tft.setCursor(50, 50);
47      tft.setTextColor(BLACK);     
48      tft.setTextSize(8);
49      tft.print("TEST");
50      delay(3000);
51
52
53   
54
55}
56

//Screeen
#include <ILI9341_kbv.h>
ILI9341_kbv tft;
#define vali0   0   





//COLORS
#define  BLACK   0x0000
#define BLUE     0x001F
#define RED     0xF800
#define GREEN   0x07E0
#define CYAN    0x07FF
#define   MAGENTA 0xF81F
#define YELLOW  0xFFE0
#define WHITE   0xFFFF

void setup()
           {
    
            tft.begin();
            tft.setRotation(1);//   Landscape
            tft.fillScreen(TFT_PINK);// set color iitial screen 
   
          }
          



 
        
void loop(){

   //Some text to see on the screen 
      tft.setCursor(0, 0);
      tft.fillScreen(TFT_BLUE);
       tft.setTextColor(YELLOW); 
      tft.setTextSize(2);
      tft.print("YELLOW");
       tft.setTextSize(4);
      tft.setTextColor(RED); 
      tft.setTextSize(3);
       tft.print("RED");
      tft.setCursor(50, 50);
      tft.setTextColor(BLACK);     
      tft.setTextSize(8);
      tft.print("TEST");
      delay(3000);


   

}

The Program

arduino

EAsy code with basic commands

1//Screeen
2#include <ILI9341_kbv.h>
3ILI9341_kbv tft;
4#define vali0  0   
5
6
7
8
9
10//COLORS
11#define  BLACK   0x0000
12#define BLUE    0x001F
13#define RED     0xF800
14#define GREEN   0x07E0
15#define CYAN    0x07FF
16#define  MAGENTA 0xF81F
17#define YELLOW  0xFFE0
18#define WHITE   0xFFFF
19
20void setup()
21          {
22    
23            tft.begin();
24            tft.setRotation(1);//  Landscape
25            tft.fillScreen(TFT_PINK);// set color iitial screen 
26  
27          }
28          
29
30
31
32 
33        
34void loop(){
35
36  //Some text to see on the screen 
37      tft.setCursor(0, 0);
38      tft.fillScreen(TFT_BLUE);
39      tft.setTextColor(YELLOW); 
40      tft.setTextSize(2);
41      tft.print("YELLOW");
42      tft.setTextSize(4);
43      tft.setTextColor(RED); 
44      tft.setTextSize(3);
45      tft.print("RED");
46      tft.setCursor(50, 50);
47      tft.setTextColor(BLACK);    
48      tft.setTextSize(8);
49      tft.print("TEST");
50      delay(3000);
51
52
53  
54
55}
56

//Screeen
#include <ILI9341_kbv.h>
ILI9341_kbv tft;
#define vali0  0   





//COLORS
#define  BLACK   0x0000
#define BLUE    0x001F
#define RED     0xF800
#define GREEN   0x07E0
#define CYAN    0x07FF
#define  MAGENTA 0xF81F
#define YELLOW  0xFFE0
#define WHITE   0xFFFF

void setup()
          {
    
            tft.begin();
            tft.setRotation(1);//  Landscape
            tft.fillScreen(TFT_PINK);// set color iitial screen 
  
          }
          



 
        
void loop(){

  //Some text to see on the screen 
      tft.setCursor(0, 0);
      tft.fillScreen(TFT_BLUE);
      tft.setTextColor(YELLOW); 
      tft.setTextSize(2);
      tft.print("YELLOW");
      tft.setTextSize(4);
      tft.setTextColor(RED); 
      tft.setTextSize(3);
      tft.print("RED");
      tft.setCursor(50, 50);
      tft.setTextColor(BLACK);    
      tft.setTextSize(8);
      tft.print("TEST");
      delay(3000);


  

}

The Modify libray

arduino

REMEMBER: Allways make a copy of the original before installing this one

1
2// EDITED TO WORK ON THE ARDUINO MEGA
3
4
5#if defined(__AVR_ATmega328P__)  && defined(ILI9488_KBV_H_) 
6//#define USE_SERIAL_COMPLEX     //optimised C code  for Uno, Xmega, ...
7#endif
8#if defined(__STM32F1__)
9#define DMA__STM32F1__         //special feature of MAPLE CORE
10#endif
11//#define MY_BLUEPILL
12//  MAPLE core has SPI.write(block, n)
13// ST core has only got SPI.transfer(block,  n)
14// SAMD core might have SPI.transfer(block, n)
15// SAM core has got SPI.transfer(block,  n)
16// so it is probably safest to have a moderate stack buffer and use transfer
17
18//ST  core is ok for ILI9341 but not for ST7735X
19
20#define CD_COMMAND PIN_LOW(CD_PORT,  CD_PIN)
21#define CD_DATA    PIN_HIGH(CD_PORT, CD_PIN)
22#define CD_OUTPUT  PIN_OUTPUT(CD_PORT,  CD_PIN)
23#define CS_ACTIVE  PIN_LOW(CS_PORT, CS_PIN);
24#define CS_IDLE    PIN_HIGH(CS_PORT,  CS_PIN);
25#define CS_OUTPUT  PIN_OUTPUT(CS_PORT, CS_PIN)
26#define RESET_ACTIVE  PIN_LOW(RESET_PORT, RESET_PIN)
27#define RESET_IDLE    PIN_HIGH(RESET_PORT, RESET_PIN)
28#define  RESET_OUTPUT  PIN_OUTPUT(RESET_PORT, RESET_PIN)
29#define SD_ACTIVE  PIN_LOW(SD_PORT,  SD_PIN)
30#define SD_IDLE    PIN_HIGH(SD_PORT, SD_PIN)
31#define SD_OUTPUT  PIN_OUTPUT(SD_PORT,  SD_PIN)
32 // bit-bang macros for SDIO
33#define SCK_LO     PIN_LOW(SPI_PORT,  SCK_PIN)
34#define SCK_HI     PIN_HIGH(SPI_PORT, SCK_PIN)
35#define SCK_OUT    PIN_OUTPUT(SPI_PORT,  SCK_PIN)
36#define MOSI_LO    PIN_LOW(SPI_PORT, MOSI_PIN)
37#define MOSI_HI    PIN_HIGH(SPI_PORT,  MOSI_PIN)
38#define MOSI_OUT   PIN_OUTPUT(SPI_PORT, MOSI_PIN)
39#define MOSI_IN    PIN_INPUT(SPI_PORT, MOSI_PIN)
40#define LED_LO     PIN_LOW(LED_PORT, LED_PIN)
41#define  LED_HI     PIN_HIGH(LED_PORT, LED_PIN)
42#define LED_OUT    PIN_OUTPUT(LED_PORT,  LED_PIN)
43
44#if defined(USE_SERIAL_COMPLEX)
45#include "serial_complex.h"
46#elif  defined(__AVR_ATxmega32A4U__) || defined(__AVR_ATxmega128A4U__)
47#include "serial_xmega.h"
48#define  xchg8(x)     xchg8_1(x)
49#define WriteCmd(x)  { CD_COMMAND; xchg8_1(x); CD_DATA;  }
50#define wait_ms(ms)  delay(ms)
51#define write16(x)   { write16_N(x, 1); }
52#define  write24(x)   { write24_N(x, 1); }
53#define WriteData(x) { write16(x); }
54
55#else
56
57#include  <SPI.h>                //include before write16() macro
58#warning Using Arduino  SPI methods
59
60#if defined(NINEBITS)
61#define xchg8(x)     readbits(8)
62#define  WriteCmd(x)  { SDIO_OUTMODE(); MOSI_LO; SCK_HI; SCK_LO; write_8(x); }
63#define  WriteDat8(x) { MOSI_HI; SCK_HI; SCK_LO; write_8(x); }
64#define INIT()  { CS_IDLE;  RESET_IDLE; SETDDR; }
65#define SDIO_INMODE()  MOSI_IN;SCK_OUT    //no braces
66#define  SDIO_OUTMODE() {MOSI_OUT;SCK_OUT;}
67#else
68#define xchg8(x)     xchg8_1(x)
69#define  WriteCmd(x)  { CD_COMMAND; xchg8_1(x); CD_DATA; }
70#define INIT()  { CS_IDLE;  RESET_IDLE; SETDDR; SPI.begin(); SPI.beginTransaction(settings); }
71#define SDIO_INMODE()  SPI.endTransaction(); MOSI_IN;SCK_OUT    //no braces
72#define SDIO_OUTMODE()  {MOSI_OUT;SCK_OUT;SPI.beginTransaction(settings);}
73#endif
74
75#define wait_ms(ms)  delay(ms)
76#define write16(x)   { write16_N(x, 1); }
77#define write24(x)   {  write24_N(x, 1); }
78#define WriteData(x) { write16(x); }
79
80static uint8_t  spibuf[16];
81
82#if 0
83#else
84#define CD_PIN     48 //DC
85#define CS_PIN     53
86#define RESET_PIN  49
87#define SD_PIN     47 //sd-cs
88#define MOSI_PIN   51
89#define SCK_PIN    52
90#endif
91
92#define SETDDR  { CS_OUTPUT; CD_OUTPUT;  RESET_OUTPUT; PIN_HIGH(SD_PORT, SD_PIN); PIN_OUTPUT(SD_PORT, SD_PIN); }
93
94#define  PIN_LOW(p, b)        digitalWrite(b, LOW)
95#define PIN_HIGH(p, b)       digitalWrite(b,  HIGH)
96#define PIN_OUTPUT(p, b)     pinMode(b, OUTPUT)
97#define PIN_INPUT(p,  b)      pinMode(b, INPUT_PULLUP)
98#define PIN_READ(p, b)       digitalRead(b)
99
100#define  FLUSH_IDLE { CS_IDLE; }
101
102static SPISettings settings(8000000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0);
103
104static  inline void write_8(uint8_t val)
105{
106    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {   //send  command
107        if (val & 0x80) MOSI_HI;
108	    else MOSI_LO;
109		SCK_HI;
110		SCK_LO;
111        val <<= 1;
112    }
113}
114
115static inline uint8_t xchg8_1(uint8_t x)
116{
117#if  defined(DMA__STM32F1__)
118    uint8_t ret;
119	SPI.dmaTransfer(&x, &ret, 1);
120	return  ret;
121#else
122	return SPI.transfer(x);
123#endif
124}
125
126static uint32_t  readbits(uint8_t bits)
127{
128	uint32_t ret = 0;
129	while (bits--) {
130		ret  <<= 1;
131		if (PIN_READ(SPI_PORT, MOSI_PIN))
132		    ret++;
133		SCK_HI;
134		SCK_LO;
135	}
136	return  ret;
137}
138
139static inline void write16_N(uint16_t color, int16_t n)
140{
141#if  defined(NINEBITS)
142	uint8_t hi = color >> 8, lo = color;
143	while (n-- > 0)  {
144		WriteDat8(hi);
145		WriteDat8(lo);
146	}
147#elif defined(ESP8266) ||  defined(ESP32)
148    uint8_t hilo[2];
149	hilo[0] = color >> 8;
150	hilo[1] =  color;
151	SPI.writePattern(hilo, 2, (uint32_t)n);
152#elif defined(DMA__STM32F1__)
153  SPI.setDataSize (SPI_CR1_DFF); // Set SPI 16bit mode
154    SPI.dmaSend(&color,  n, 0);
155  SPI.setDataSize (0);
156#elif defined(__STM32F1__)
157    uint8_t buf[64];
158	int  cnt = (n > 32) ? 32 : n;
159	uint8_t *p = buf;
160	while (cnt--) { *p++ = color  >> 8; *p++ = color; }
161	while (n > 0) {
162		cnt = (n > 32) ? 32 : n;
163		SPI.write(buf,  cnt << 1);
164		n -= cnt;
165	}
166#elif 1
167    uint8_t buf[64];
168	while  (n > 0) {
169    	uint8_t *p = buf;
170    	int cnt = (n > 32) ? 32 : n;
171    	while  (cnt--) { *p++ = color >> 8; *p++ = color; }
172		cnt = (n > 32) ? 32 : n;
173		SPI.transfer(buf,  cnt << 1);
174		n -= cnt;
175	}
176#else
177	uint8_t hi = color >> 8, lo = color;
178	while  (n-- > 0) {
179		SPI.transfer(hi);
180		SPI.transfer(lo);
181	}
182#endif
183}
184
185static  inline void write24_N(uint16_t color, int16_t n)
186{
187#if defined(NINEBITS)
188	uint8_t  r = color >> 8, g = (color >> 3), b = color << 3;
189	while (n-- > 0) {
190		WriteDat8(r);
191		WriteDat8(g);
192		WriteDat8(b);
193	}
194#elif  defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP32)
195    uint8_t rgb[3];
196	rgb[0] = color >>  8;
197	rgb[1] = color >> 3;
198	rgb[2] = color << 3;
199	SPI.writePattern(rgb,  3, (uint32_t)n);
200#else
201	uint8_t r = color >> 8, g = (color >> 3), b = color  << 3;
202	while (n-- > 0) {
203		SPI.transfer(r);
204		SPI.transfer(g);
205		SPI.transfer(b);
206	}
207#endif
208}
209
210static  inline void write8_block(uint8_t * block, int16_t n, uint8_t bigend = 0)
211{
212#if  defined(NINEBITS)
213    while (n-- > 0) WriteDat8(*block++);
214#elif defined(ESP8266)  || defined(ESP32)
215	SPI.writeBytes(block, (uint32_t)n);
216#elif defined(DMA__STM32F1__)
217    SPI.dmaSend(block, n, 1);
218#elif defined(__STM32F1__)
219	SPI.write(block,  (uint32_t)n);
220#elif defined(__SAMD21G18A__)
221    Sercom *s = SERCOM1; 
222	if  (bigend) {
223        n >>= 1;
224        while (n--) {
225	        uint8_t l =  *block++, h = *block++;
226			while (s->SPI.INTFLAG.bit.DRE == 0) ;
227            s->SPI.DATA.bit.DATA  = h;
228			while (s->SPI.INTFLAG.bit.DRE == 0) ;
229            s->SPI.DATA.bit.DATA  = l;
230        }	
231	}
232    else {	
233	while (n--) {
234	    while (s->SPI.INTFLAG.bit.DRE  == 0) ;
235        s->SPI.DATA.bit.DATA = *block++;
236	}
237    }
238	while (s->SPI.INTFLAG.bit.TXC  == 0) ;
239    s->SPI.DATA.bit.DATA;
240    s->SPI.DATA.bit.DATA;
241#else
242	SPI.transfer(block,  n);
243#endif
244}
245
246#if defined(__SAMD21G18A__)
247static inline void spi_pattern(uint8_t  * txbuf, uint16_t * rxbuf, int16_t n, int16_t rpt = 0)
248{
249    Sercom *s = SERCOM1;
250	uint8_t  cmd, reply;
251    do {	
252	    for (int i = n; i--; ) {
253	        cmd = (txbuf  == NULL) ? 0 : *txbuf++; 
254			while (s->SPI.INTFLAG.bit.DRE == 0) ;
255            s->SPI.DATA.bit.DATA  = cmd;
256			if (s->SPI.INTFLAG.bit.RXC) {
257				reply = s->SPI.DATA.bit.DATA;
258			    if (rxbuf) *rxbuf++ = reply;
259            }
260        }
261	} while (--rpt  > 0);
262    while (s->SPI.INTFLAG.bit.TXC == 0) ;
263    reply = s->SPI.DATA.bit.DATA;
264    if (rxbuf) *rxbuf++ = reply;
265}
266#endif
267
268#endif
269

// EDITED TO WORK ON THE ARDUINO MEGA


#if defined(__AVR_ATmega328P__)  && defined(ILI9488_KBV_H_) 
//#define USE_SERIAL_COMPLEX     //optimised C code  for Uno, Xmega, ...
#endif
#if defined(__STM32F1__)
#define DMA__STM32F1__         //special feature of MAPLE CORE
#endif
//#define MY_BLUEPILL
//  MAPLE core has SPI.write(block, n)
// ST core has only got SPI.transfer(block,  n)
// SAMD core might have SPI.transfer(block, n)
// SAM core has got SPI.transfer(block,  n)
// so it is probably safest to have a moderate stack buffer and use transfer

//ST  core is ok for ILI9341 but not for ST7735X

#define CD_COMMAND PIN_LOW(CD_PORT,  CD_PIN)
#define CD_DATA    PIN_HIGH(CD_PORT, CD_PIN)
#define CD_OUTPUT  PIN_OUTPUT(CD_PORT,  CD_PIN)
#define CS_ACTIVE  PIN_LOW(CS_PORT, CS_PIN);
#define CS_IDLE    PIN_HIGH(CS_PORT,  CS_PIN);
#define CS_OUTPUT  PIN_OUTPUT(CS_PORT, CS_PIN)
#define RESET_ACTIVE  PIN_LOW(RESET_PORT, RESET_PIN)
#define RESET_IDLE    PIN_HIGH(RESET_PORT, RESET_PIN)
#define  RESET_OUTPUT  PIN_OUTPUT(RESET_PORT, RESET_PIN)
#define SD_ACTIVE  PIN_LOW(SD_PORT,  SD_PIN)
#define SD_IDLE    PIN_HIGH(SD_PORT, SD_PIN)
#define SD_OUTPUT  PIN_OUTPUT(SD_PORT,  SD_PIN)
 // bit-bang macros for SDIO
#define SCK_LO     PIN_LOW(SPI_PORT,  SCK_PIN)
#define SCK_HI     PIN_HIGH(SPI_PORT, SCK_PIN)
#define SCK_OUT    PIN_OUTPUT(SPI_PORT,  SCK_PIN)
#define MOSI_LO    PIN_LOW(SPI_PORT, MOSI_PIN)
#define MOSI_HI    PIN_HIGH(SPI_PORT,  MOSI_PIN)
#define MOSI_OUT   PIN_OUTPUT(SPI_PORT, MOSI_PIN)
#define MOSI_IN    PIN_INPUT(SPI_PORT, MOSI_PIN)
#define LED_LO     PIN_LOW(LED_PORT, LED_PIN)
#define  LED_HI     PIN_HIGH(LED_PORT, LED_PIN)
#define LED_OUT    PIN_OUTPUT(LED_PORT,  LED_PIN)

#if defined(USE_SERIAL_COMPLEX)
#include "serial_complex.h"
#elif  defined(__AVR_ATxmega32A4U__) || defined(__AVR_ATxmega128A4U__)
#include "serial_xmega.h"
#define  xchg8(x)     xchg8_1(x)
#define WriteCmd(x)  { CD_COMMAND; xchg8_1(x); CD_DATA;  }
#define wait_ms(ms)  delay(ms)
#define write16(x)   { write16_N(x, 1); }
#define  write24(x)   { write24_N(x, 1); }
#define WriteData(x) { write16(x); }

#else

#include  <SPI.h>                //include before write16() macro
#warning Using Arduino  SPI methods

#if defined(NINEBITS)
#define xchg8(x)     readbits(8)
#define  WriteCmd(x)  { SDIO_OUTMODE(); MOSI_LO; SCK_HI; SCK_LO; write_8(x); }
#define  WriteDat8(x) { MOSI_HI; SCK_HI; SCK_LO; write_8(x); }
#define INIT()  { CS_IDLE;  RESET_IDLE; SETDDR; }
#define SDIO_INMODE()  MOSI_IN;SCK_OUT    //no braces
#define  SDIO_OUTMODE() {MOSI_OUT;SCK_OUT;}
#else
#define xchg8(x)     xchg8_1(x)
#define  WriteCmd(x)  { CD_COMMAND; xchg8_1(x); CD_DATA; }
#define INIT()  { CS_IDLE;  RESET_IDLE; SETDDR; SPI.begin(); SPI.beginTransaction(settings); }
#define SDIO_INMODE()  SPI.endTransaction(); MOSI_IN;SCK_OUT    //no braces
#define SDIO_OUTMODE()  {MOSI_OUT;SCK_OUT;SPI.beginTransaction(settings);}
#endif

#define wait_ms(ms)  delay(ms)
#define write16(x)   { write16_N(x, 1); }
#define write24(x)   {  write24_N(x, 1); }
#define WriteData(x) { write16(x); }

static uint8_t  spibuf[16];

#if 0
#else
#define CD_PIN     48 //DC
#define CS_PIN     53
#define RESET_PIN  49
#define SD_PIN     47 //sd-cs
#define MOSI_PIN   51
#define SCK_PIN    52
#endif

#define SETDDR  { CS_OUTPUT; CD_OUTPUT;  RESET_OUTPUT; PIN_HIGH(SD_PORT, SD_PIN); PIN_OUTPUT(SD_PORT, SD_PIN); }

#define  PIN_LOW(p, b)        digitalWrite(b, LOW)
#define PIN_HIGH(p, b)       digitalWrite(b,  HIGH)
#define PIN_OUTPUT(p, b)     pinMode(b, OUTPUT)
#define PIN_INPUT(p,  b)      pinMode(b, INPUT_PULLUP)
#define PIN_READ(p, b)       digitalRead(b)

#define  FLUSH_IDLE { CS_IDLE; }

static SPISettings settings(8000000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0);

static  inline void write_8(uint8_t val)
{
    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {   //send  command
        if (val & 0x80) MOSI_HI;
	    else MOSI_LO;
		SCK_HI;
		SCK_LO;
        val <<= 1;
    }
}

static inline uint8_t xchg8_1(uint8_t x)
{
#if  defined(DMA__STM32F1__)
    uint8_t ret;
	SPI.dmaTransfer(&x, &ret, 1);
	return  ret;
#else
	return SPI.transfer(x);
#endif
}

static uint32_t  readbits(uint8_t bits)
{
	uint32_t ret = 0;
	while (bits--) {
		ret  <<= 1;
		if (PIN_READ(SPI_PORT, MOSI_PIN))
		    ret++;
		SCK_HI;
		SCK_LO;
	}
	return  ret;
}

static inline void write16_N(uint16_t color, int16_t n)
{
#if  defined(NINEBITS)
	uint8_t hi = color >> 8, lo = color;
	while (n-- > 0)  {
		WriteDat8(hi);
		WriteDat8(lo);
	}
#elif defined(ESP8266) ||  defined(ESP32)
    uint8_t hilo[2];
	hilo[0] = color >> 8;
	hilo[1] =  color;
	SPI.writePattern(hilo, 2, (uint32_t)n);
#elif defined(DMA__STM32F1__)
  SPI.setDataSize (SPI_CR1_DFF); // Set SPI 16bit mode
    SPI.dmaSend(&color,  n, 0);
  SPI.setDataSize (0);
#elif defined(__STM32F1__)
    uint8_t buf[64];
	int  cnt = (n > 32) ? 32 : n;
	uint8_t *p = buf;
	while (cnt--) { *p++ = color  >> 8; *p++ = color; }
	while (n > 0) {
		cnt = (n > 32) ? 32 : n;
		SPI.write(buf,  cnt << 1);
		n -= cnt;
	}
#elif 1
    uint8_t buf[64];
	while  (n > 0) {
    	uint8_t *p = buf;
    	int cnt = (n > 32) ? 32 : n;
    	while  (cnt--) { *p++ = color >> 8; *p++ = color; }
		cnt = (n > 32) ? 32 : n;
		SPI.transfer(buf,  cnt << 1);
		n -= cnt;
	}
#else
	uint8_t hi = color >> 8, lo = color;
	while  (n-- > 0) {
		SPI.transfer(hi);
		SPI.transfer(lo);
	}
#endif
}

static  inline void write24_N(uint16_t color, int16_t n)
{
#if defined(NINEBITS)
	uint8_t  r = color >> 8, g = (color >> 3), b = color << 3;
	while (n-- > 0) {
		WriteDat8(r);
		WriteDat8(g);
		WriteDat8(b);
	}
#elif  defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP32)
    uint8_t rgb[3];
	rgb[0] = color >>  8;
	rgb[1] = color >> 3;
	rgb[2] = color << 3;
	SPI.writePattern(rgb,  3, (uint32_t)n);
#else
	uint8_t r = color >> 8, g = (color >> 3), b = color  << 3;
	while (n-- > 0) {
		SPI.transfer(r);
		SPI.transfer(g);
		SPI.transfer(b);
	}
#endif
}

static  inline void write8_block(uint8_t * block, int16_t n, uint8_t bigend = 0)
{
#if  defined(NINEBITS)
    while (n-- > 0) WriteDat8(*block++);
#elif defined(ESP8266)  || defined(ESP32)
	SPI.writeBytes(block, (uint32_t)n);
#elif defined(DMA__STM32F1__)
    SPI.dmaSend(block, n, 1);
#elif defined(__STM32F1__)
	SPI.write(block,  (uint32_t)n);
#elif defined(__SAMD21G18A__)
    Sercom *s = SERCOM1; 
	if  (bigend) {
        n >>= 1;
        while (n--) {
	        uint8_t l =  *block++, h = *block++;
			while (s->SPI.INTFLAG.bit.DRE == 0) ;
            s->SPI.DATA.bit.DATA  = h;
			while (s->SPI.INTFLAG.bit.DRE == 0) ;
            s->SPI.DATA.bit.DATA  = l;
        }	
	}
    else {	
	while (n--) {
	    while (s->SPI.INTFLAG.bit.DRE  == 0) ;
        s->SPI.DATA.bit.DATA = *block++;
	}
    }
	while (s->SPI.INTFLAG.bit.TXC  == 0) ;
    s->SPI.DATA.bit.DATA;
    s->SPI.DATA.bit.DATA;
#else
	SPI.transfer(block,  n);
#endif
}

#if defined(__SAMD21G18A__)
static inline void spi_pattern(uint8_t  * txbuf, uint16_t * rxbuf, int16_t n, int16_t rpt = 0)
{
    Sercom *s = SERCOM1;
	uint8_t  cmd, reply;
    do {	
	    for (int i = n; i--; ) {
	        cmd = (txbuf  == NULL) ? 0 : *txbuf++; 
			while (s->SPI.INTFLAG.bit.DRE == 0) ;
            s->SPI.DATA.bit.DATA  = cmd;
			if (s->SPI.INTFLAG.bit.RXC) {
				reply = s->SPI.DATA.bit.DATA;
			    if (rxbuf) *rxbuf++ = reply;
            }
        }
	} while (--rpt  > 0);
    while (s->SPI.INTFLAG.bit.TXC == 0) ;
    reply = s->SPI.DATA.bit.DATA;
    if (rxbuf) *rxbuf++ = reply;
}
#endif

#endif

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