ATmega328/168/8/48/88 Programming Shield

ATmega328/168/48/8/88 programming and bootloader shield.

Jul 9, 2021

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embedded

smart appliances

internet of things

Components and supplies

Arduino UNO

EFTDI PROGRAMMER

Resistor 1k ohm

Tactile Switch, Top Actuated

Capacitor 1 µF

5 mm LED: Green

Terminal Block Interface, Terminal Block

5 mm LED: Yellow

5 mm LED: Red

16 MHz Crystal

Capacitor 100 nF

Capacitor 100 µF

Capacitor 22 pF

IC & Component Socket, 28 Contacts

Male-Header 36 Position 1 Row- Long (0.1")

ATmega328PB microcontroller

Resistor 10k ohm

Tools and machines

Solder Flux, Soldering

Soldering Station, 110 V

Solder Wire, Lead Free

Desoldering Braid, Solder Wick

Apps and platforms

Arduino IDE

Arduino IDE 2.0 (beta)

Project description

Code

Arduino ISP Programmer Sketch

arduino

Code to convert an arduino into an ISP Programmer

1// ArduinoISP
2// Copyright (c) 2008-2011 Randall Bohn
3// If you  require a license, see
4// https://opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php
5//
6//  This sketch turns the Arduino into a AVRISP using the following Arduino pins:
7//
8//  Pin 10 is used to reset the target microcontroller.
9//
10// By default, the  hardware SPI pins MISO, MOSI and SCK are used to communicate
11// with the target.  On all Arduinos, these pins can be found
12// on the ICSP/SPI header:
13//
14//               MISO °. . 5V (!) Avoid this pin on Due, Zero...
15//               SCK   . . MOSI
16//                     . . GND
17//
18// On some Arduinos (Uno,...),  pins MOSI, MISO and SCK are the same pins as
19// digital pin 11, 12 and 13, respectively.  That is why many tutorials instruct
20// you to hook up the target to these pins.  If you find this wiring more
21// practical, have a define USE_OLD_STYLE_WIRING.  This will work even when not
22// using an Uno. (On an Uno this is not needed).
23//
24//  Alternatively you can use any other digital pin by configuring
25// software ('BitBanged')  SPI and having appropriate defines for PIN_MOSI,
26// PIN_MISO and PIN_SCK.
27//
28//  IMPORTANT: When using an Arduino that is not 5V tolerant (Due, Zero, ...) as
29//  the programmer, make sure to not expose any of the programmer's pins to 5V.
30//  A simple way to accomplish this is to power the complete system (programmer
31//  and target) at 3V3.
32//
33// Put an LED (with resistor) on the following pins:
34//  9: Heartbeat   - shows the programmer is running
35// 8: Error       - Lights up  if something goes wrong (use red if that makes sense)
36// 7: Programming - In  communication with the slave
37//
38
39#include "Arduino.h"
40#undef SERIAL
41
42
43#define  PROG_FLICKER true
44
45// Configure SPI clock (in Hz).
46// E.g. for an ATtiny  @ 128 kHz: the datasheet states that both the high and low
47// SPI clock pulse  must be > 2 CPU cycles, so take 3 cycles i.e. divide target
48// f_cpu by 6:
49//     #define SPI_CLOCK            (128000/6)
50//
51// A clock slow enough for  an ATtiny85 @ 1 MHz, is a reasonable default:
52
53#define SPI_CLOCK 		(1000000/6)
54
55
56//  Select hardware or software SPI, depending on SPI clock.
57// Currently only for  AVR, for other architectures (Due, Zero,...), hardware SPI
58// is probably too  fast anyway.
59
60#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_AVR)
61
62  #if SPI_CLOCK > (F_CPU  / 128)
63    #define USE_HARDWARE_SPI
64  #endif
65
66#endif
67
68// Configure  which pins to use:
69
70// The standard pin configuration.
71#ifndef ARDUINO_HOODLOADER2
72
73  #define RESET     10 // Use pin 10 to reset the target rather than SS
74  #define  LED_HB    9
75  #define LED_ERR   8
76  #define LED_PMODE 7
77
78  // Uncomment  following line to use the old Uno style wiring
79  // (using pin 11, 12 and 13  instead of the SPI header) on Leonardo, Due...
80
81  // #define USE_OLD_STYLE_WIRING
82
83  #ifdef USE_OLD_STYLE_WIRING
84
85    #define PIN_MOSI	11
86    #define PIN_MISO	12
87    #define PIN_SCK		13
88
89  #endif
90
91  // HOODLOADER2 means running  sketches on the ATmega16U2 serial converter chips
92  // on Uno or Mega boards.  We must use pins that are broken out:
93#else
94
95  #define RESET     	4
96  #define LED_HB    	7
97  #define LED_ERR   	6
98  #define LED_PMODE 	5
99
100#endif
101
102//  By default, use hardware SPI pins:
103#ifndef PIN_MOSI
104  #define PIN_MOSI 	MOSI
105#endif
106
107#ifndef  PIN_MISO
108  #define PIN_MISO 	MISO
109#endif
110
111#ifndef PIN_SCK
112  #define  PIN_SCK 	SCK
113#endif
114
115// Force bitbanged SPI if not using the hardware  SPI pins:
116#if (PIN_MISO != MISO) ||  (PIN_MOSI != MOSI) || (PIN_SCK != SCK)
117  #undef USE_HARDWARE_SPI
118#endif
119
120
121// Configure the serial port to use.
122//
123//  Prefer the USB virtual serial port (aka. native USB port), if the Arduino has one:
124//   - it does not autoreset (except for the magic baud rate of 1200).
125//   - it  is more reliable because of USB handshaking.
126//
127// Leonardo and similar have  an USB virtual serial port: 'Serial'.
128// Due and Zero have an USB virtual serial  port: 'SerialUSB'.
129//
130// On the Due and Zero, 'Serial' can be used too, provided  you disable autoreset.
131// To use 'Serial': #define SERIAL Serial
132
133#ifdef  SERIAL_PORT_USBVIRTUAL
134  #define SERIAL SERIAL_PORT_USBVIRTUAL
135#else
136  #define  SERIAL Serial
137#endif
138
139
140// Configure the baud rate:
141
142#define BAUDRATE	19200
143//  #define BAUDRATE	115200
144// #define BAUDRATE	1000000
145
146
147#define HWVER  2
148#define SWMAJ 1
149#define SWMIN 18
150
151// STK Definitions
152#define STK_OK      0x10
153#define STK_FAILED  0x11
154#define STK_UNKNOWN 0x12
155#define STK_INSYNC  0x14
156#define STK_NOSYNC  0x15
157#define CRC_EOP     0x20 //ok it is a space...
158
159void  pulse(int pin, int times);
160
161#ifdef USE_HARDWARE_SPI
162#include "SPI.h"
163#else
164
165#define  SPI_MODE0 0x00
166
167#if !defined(ARDUINO_API_VERSION) || ARDUINO_API_VERSION !=  10001 // A SPISettings class is declared by ArduinoCore-API 1.0.1
168class SPISettings  {
169  public:
170    // clock is in Hz
171    SPISettings(uint32_t clock, uint8_t  bitOrder, uint8_t dataMode) : clockFreq(clock) {
172      (void) bitOrder;
173      (void)  dataMode;
174    };
175
176    uint32_t getClockFreq() const {
177      return clockFreq;
178    }
179
180  private:
181    uint32_t clockFreq;
182};
183#endif  // !defined(ARDUINO_API_VERSION)
184
185class  BitBangedSPI {
186  public:
187    void begin() {
188      digitalWrite(PIN_SCK,  LOW);
189      digitalWrite(PIN_MOSI, LOW);
190      pinMode(PIN_SCK, OUTPUT);
191      pinMode(PIN_MOSI, OUTPUT);
192      pinMode(PIN_MISO, INPUT);
193    }
194
195    void beginTransaction(SPISettings settings) {
196      pulseWidth = (500000  + settings.getClockFreq() - 1) / settings.getClockFreq();
197      if (pulseWidth  == 0) {
198        pulseWidth = 1;
199      }
200    }
201
202    void end() {}
203
204    uint8_t transfer(uint8_t b) {
205      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 8; ++i)  {
206        digitalWrite(PIN_MOSI, (b & 0x80) ? HIGH : LOW);
207        digitalWrite(PIN_SCK,  HIGH);
208        delayMicroseconds(pulseWidth);
209        b = (b << 1) | digitalRead(PIN_MISO);
210        digitalWrite(PIN_SCK, LOW); // slow pulse
211        delayMicroseconds(pulseWidth);
212      }
213      return b;
214    }
215
216  private:
217    unsigned long pulseWidth;  // in microseconds
218};
219
220static BitBangedSPI SPI;
221
222#endif
223
224void  setup() {
225  SERIAL.begin(BAUDRATE);
226
227  pinMode(LED_PMODE, OUTPUT);
228  pulse(LED_PMODE, 2);
229  pinMode(LED_ERR, OUTPUT);
230  pulse(LED_ERR, 2);
231  pinMode(LED_HB, OUTPUT);
232  pulse(LED_HB, 2);
233
234}
235
236int ISPError =  0;
237int pmode = 0;
238// address for reading and writing, set by 'U' command
239unsigned  int here;
240uint8_t buff[256]; // global block storage
241
242#define beget16(addr)  (*addr * 256 + *(addr+1) )
243typedef struct param {
244  uint8_t devicecode;
245  uint8_t revision;
246  uint8_t progtype;
247  uint8_t parmode;
248  uint8_t polling;
249  uint8_t selftimed;
250  uint8_t lockbytes;
251  uint8_t fusebytes;
252  uint8_t  flashpoll;
253  uint16_t eeprompoll;
254  uint16_t pagesize;
255  uint16_t eepromsize;
256  uint32_t flashsize;
257}
258parameter;
259
260parameter param;
261
262// this  provides a heartbeat on pin 9, so you can tell the software is running.
263uint8_t  hbval = 128;
264int8_t hbdelta = 8;
265void heartbeat() {
266  static unsigned long  last_time = 0;
267  unsigned long now = millis();
268  if ((now - last_time) < 40)  {
269    return;
270  }
271  last_time = now;
272  if (hbval > 192) {
273    hbdelta  = -hbdelta;
274  }
275  if (hbval < 32) {
276    hbdelta = -hbdelta;
277  }
278  hbval += hbdelta;
279  analogWrite(LED_HB, hbval);
280}
281
282static bool rst_active_high;
283
284void  reset_target(bool reset) {
285  digitalWrite(RESET, ((reset && rst_active_high)  || (!reset && !rst_active_high)) ? HIGH : LOW);
286}
287
288void loop(void) {
289  // is pmode active?
290  if (pmode) {
291    digitalWrite(LED_PMODE, HIGH);
292  } else {
293    digitalWrite(LED_PMODE, LOW);
294  }
295  // is there an error?
296  if (ISPError) {
297    digitalWrite(LED_ERR, HIGH);
298  } else {
299    digitalWrite(LED_ERR,  LOW);
300  }
301
302  // light the heartbeat LED
303  heartbeat();
304  if (SERIAL.available())  {
305    avrisp();
306  }
307}
308
309uint8_t getch() {
310  while (!SERIAL.available());
311  return SERIAL.read();
312}
313void fill(int n) {
314  for (int x = 0; x < n; x++)  {
315    buff[x] = getch();
316  }
317}
318
319#define PTIME 30
320void pulse(int  pin, int times) {
321  do {
322    digitalWrite(pin, HIGH);
323    delay(PTIME);
324    digitalWrite(pin, LOW);
325    delay(PTIME);
326  } while (times--);
327}
328
329void  prog_lamp(int state) {
330  if (PROG_FLICKER) {
331    digitalWrite(LED_PMODE, state);
332  }
333}
334
335uint8_t spi_transaction(uint8_t a, uint8_t b, uint8_t c, uint8_t  d) {
336  SPI.transfer(a);
337  SPI.transfer(b);
338  SPI.transfer(c);
339  return  SPI.transfer(d);
340}
341
342void empty_reply() {
343  if (CRC_EOP == getch()) {
344    SERIAL.print((char)STK_INSYNC);
345    SERIAL.print((char)STK_OK);
346  } else  {
347    ISPError++;
348    SERIAL.print((char)STK_NOSYNC);
349  }
350}
351
352void  breply(uint8_t b) {
353  if (CRC_EOP == getch()) {
354    SERIAL.print((char)STK_INSYNC);
355    SERIAL.print((char)b);
356    SERIAL.print((char)STK_OK);
357  } else {
358    ISPError++;
359    SERIAL.print((char)STK_NOSYNC);
360  }
361}
362
363void get_version(uint8_t  c) {
364  switch (c) {
365    case 0x80:
366      breply(HWVER);
367      break;
368    case 0x81:
369      breply(SWMAJ);
370      break;
371    case 0x82:
372      breply(SWMIN);
373      break;
374    case 0x93:
375      breply('S'); // serial programmer
376      break;
377    default:
378      breply(0);
379  }
380}
381
382void set_parameters() {
383  // call this after reading parameter packet into buff[]
384  param.devicecode  = buff[0];
385  param.revision   = buff[1];
386  param.progtype   = buff[2];
387  param.parmode    = buff[3];
388  param.polling    = buff[4];
389  param.selftimed  = buff[5];
390  param.lockbytes  = buff[6];
391  param.fusebytes  = buff[7];
392  param.flashpoll  = buff[8];
393  // ignore buff[9] (= buff[8])
394  // following  are 16 bits (big endian)
395  param.eeprompoll = beget16(&buff[10]);
396  param.pagesize   = beget16(&buff[12]);
397  param.eepromsize = beget16(&buff[14]);
398
399  //  32 bits flashsize (big endian)
400  param.flashsize = buff[16] * 0x01000000
401                    + buff[17] * 0x00010000
402                    + buff[18] *  0x00000100
403                    + buff[19];
404
405  // AVR devices have active  low reset, AT89Sx are active high
406  rst_active_high = (param.devicecode >= 0xe0);
407}
408
409void  start_pmode() {
410
411  // Reset target before driving PIN_SCK or PIN_MOSI
412
413  // SPI.begin() will configure SS as output, so SPI master mode is selected.
414  // We have defined RESET as pin 10, which for many Arduinos is not the SS pin.
415  // So we have to configure RESET as output here,
416  // (reset_target() first  sets the correct level)
417  reset_target(true);
418  pinMode(RESET, OUTPUT);
419  SPI.begin();
420  SPI.beginTransaction(SPISettings(SPI_CLOCK, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0));
421
422  // See AVR datasheets, chapter "SERIAL_PRG Programming Algorithm":
423
424  //  Pulse RESET after PIN_SCK is low:
425  digitalWrite(PIN_SCK, LOW);
426  delay(20);  // discharge PIN_SCK, value arbitrarily chosen
427  reset_target(false);
428  //  Pulse must be minimum 2 target CPU clock cycles so 100 usec is ok for CPU
429  //  speeds above 20 KHz
430  delayMicroseconds(100);
431  reset_target(true);
432
433  // Send the enable programming command:
434  delay(50); // datasheet: must be  > 20 msec
435  spi_transaction(0xAC, 0x53, 0x00, 0x00);
436  pmode = 1;
437}
438
439void  end_pmode() {
440  SPI.end();
441  // We're about to take the target out of reset  so configure SPI pins as input
442  pinMode(PIN_MOSI, INPUT);
443  pinMode(PIN_SCK,  INPUT);
444  reset_target(false);
445  pinMode(RESET, INPUT);
446  pmode = 0;
447}
448
449void  universal() {
450  uint8_t ch;
451
452  fill(4);
453  ch = spi_transaction(buff[0],  buff[1], buff[2], buff[3]);
454  breply(ch);
455}
456
457void flash(uint8_t hilo,  unsigned int addr, uint8_t data) {
458  spi_transaction(0x40 + 8 * hilo,
459                  addr  >> 8 & 0xFF,
460                  addr & 0xFF,
461                  data);
462}
463void  commit(unsigned int addr) {
464  if (PROG_FLICKER) {
465    prog_lamp(LOW);
466  }
467  spi_transaction(0x4C, (addr >> 8) & 0xFF, addr & 0xFF, 0);
468  if (PROG_FLICKER)  {
469    delay(PTIME);
470    prog_lamp(HIGH);
471  }
472}
473
474unsigned int current_page()  {
475  if (param.pagesize == 32) {
476    return here & 0xFFFFFFF0;
477  }
478  if  (param.pagesize == 64) {
479    return here & 0xFFFFFFE0;
480  }
481  if (param.pagesize  == 128) {
482    return here & 0xFFFFFFC0;
483  }
484  if (param.pagesize == 256)  {
485    return here & 0xFFFFFF80;
486  }
487  return here;
488}
489
490
491void  write_flash(int length) {
492  fill(length);
493  if (CRC_EOP == getch()) {
494    SERIAL.print((char) STK_INSYNC);
495    SERIAL.print((char) write_flash_pages(length));
496  } else {
497    ISPError++;
498    SERIAL.print((char) STK_NOSYNC);
499  }
500}
501
502uint8_t  write_flash_pages(int length) {
503  int x = 0;
504  unsigned int page = current_page();
505  while (x < length) {
506    if (page != current_page()) {
507      commit(page);
508      page = current_page();
509    }
510    flash(LOW, here, buff[x++]);
511    flash(HIGH,  here, buff[x++]);
512    here++;
513  }
514
515  commit(page);
516
517  return STK_OK;
518}
519
520#define  EECHUNK (32)
521uint8_t write_eeprom(unsigned int length) {
522  // here is a word  address, get the byte address
523  unsigned int start = here * 2;
524  unsigned  int remaining = length;
525  if (length > param.eepromsize) {
526    ISPError++;
527    return STK_FAILED;
528  }
529  while (remaining > EECHUNK) {
530    write_eeprom_chunk(start,  EECHUNK);
531    start += EECHUNK;
532    remaining -= EECHUNK;
533  }
534  write_eeprom_chunk(start,  remaining);
535  return STK_OK;
536}
537// write (length) bytes, (start) is a byte  address
538uint8_t write_eeprom_chunk(unsigned int start, unsigned int length) {
539  // this writes byte-by-byte, page writing may be faster (4 bytes at a time)
540  fill(length);
541  prog_lamp(LOW);
542  for (unsigned int x = 0; x < length; x++)  {
543    unsigned int addr = start + x;
544    spi_transaction(0xC0, (addr >> 8)  & 0xFF, addr & 0xFF, buff[x]);
545    delay(45);
546  }
547  prog_lamp(HIGH);
548  return STK_OK;
549}
550
551void program_page() {
552  char result = (char) STK_FAILED;
553  unsigned int length = 256 * getch();
554  length += getch();
555  char memtype  = getch();
556  // flash memory @here, (length) bytes
557  if (memtype == 'F') {
558    write_flash(length);
559    return;
560  }
561  if (memtype == 'E') {
562    result  = (char)write_eeprom(length);
563    if (CRC_EOP == getch()) {
564      SERIAL.print((char)  STK_INSYNC);
565      SERIAL.print(result);
566    } else {
567      ISPError++;
568      SERIAL.print((char) STK_NOSYNC);
569    }
570    return;
571  }
572  SERIAL.print((char)STK_FAILED);
573  return;
574}
575
576uint8_t flash_read(uint8_t hilo, unsigned int addr) {
577  return spi_transaction(0x20 + hilo * 8,
578                         (addr >> 8)  & 0xFF,
579                         addr & 0xFF,
580                         0);
581}
582
583char  flash_read_page(int length) {
584  for (int x = 0; x < length; x += 2) {
585    uint8_t  low = flash_read(LOW, here);
586    SERIAL.print((char) low);
587    uint8_t high  = flash_read(HIGH, here);
588    SERIAL.print((char) high);
589    here++;
590  }
591  return STK_OK;
592}
593
594char eeprom_read_page(int length) {
595  // here again  we have a word address
596  int start = here * 2;
597  for (int x = 0; x < length;  x++) {
598    int addr = start + x;
599    uint8_t ee = spi_transaction(0xA0, (addr  >> 8) & 0xFF, addr & 0xFF, 0xFF);
600    SERIAL.print((char) ee);
601  }
602  return  STK_OK;
603}
604
605void read_page() {
606  char result = (char)STK_FAILED;
607  int length = 256 * getch();
608  length += getch();
609  char memtype = getch();
610  if (CRC_EOP != getch()) {
611    ISPError++;
612    SERIAL.print((char) STK_NOSYNC);
613    return;
614  }
615  SERIAL.print((char) STK_INSYNC);
616  if (memtype == 'F')  {
617    result = flash_read_page(length);
618  }
619  if (memtype == 'E') {
620    result = eeprom_read_page(length);
621  }
622  SERIAL.print(result);
623}
624
625void  read_signature() {
626  if (CRC_EOP != getch()) {
627    ISPError++;
628    SERIAL.print((char)  STK_NOSYNC);
629    return;
630  }
631  SERIAL.print((char) STK_INSYNC);
632  uint8_t  high = spi_transaction(0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);
633  SERIAL.print((char) high);
634  uint8_t middle = spi_transaction(0x30, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00);
635  SERIAL.print((char)  middle);
636  uint8_t low = spi_transaction(0x30, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00);
637  SERIAL.print((char)  low);
638  SERIAL.print((char) STK_OK);
639}
640//////////////////////////////////////////
641//////////////////////////////////////////
642
643
644////////////////////////////////////
645////////////////////////////////////
646void  avrisp() {
647  uint8_t ch = getch();
648  switch (ch) {
649    case '0': // signon
650      ISPError = 0;
651      empty_reply();
652      break;
653    case '1':
654      if (getch() == CRC_EOP) {
655        SERIAL.print((char) STK_INSYNC);
656        SERIAL.print("AVR ISP");
657        SERIAL.print((char) STK_OK);
658      }  else {
659        ISPError++;
660        SERIAL.print((char) STK_NOSYNC);
661      }
662      break;
663    case 'A':
664      get_version(getch());
665      break;
666    case 'B':
667      fill(20);
668      set_parameters();
669      empty_reply();
670      break;
671    case 'E': // extended parameters - ignore for now
672      fill(5);
673      empty_reply();
674      break;
675    case 'P':
676      if (!pmode) {
677        start_pmode();
678      }
679      empty_reply();
680      break;
681    case  'U': // set address (word)
682      here = getch();
683      here += 256 * getch();
684      empty_reply();
685      break;
686
687    case 0x60: //STK_PROG_FLASH
688      getch(); // low addr
689      getch(); // high addr
690      empty_reply();
691      break;
692    case 0x61: //STK_PROG_DATA
693      getch(); // data
694      empty_reply();
695      break;
696
697    case 0x64: //STK_PROG_PAGE
698      program_page();
699      break;
700
701    case 0x74: //STK_READ_PAGE 't'
702      read_page();
703      break;
704
705    case 'V': //0x56
706      universal();
707      break;
708    case 'Q': //0x51
709      ISPError = 0;
710      end_pmode();
711      empty_reply();
712      break;
713
714    case 0x75: //STK_READ_SIGN 'u'
715      read_signature();
716      break;
717
718    // expecting a command, not CRC_EOP
719    // this is how  we can get back in sync
720    case CRC_EOP:
721      ISPError++;
722      SERIAL.print((char)  STK_NOSYNC);
723      break;
724
725    // anything else we will return STK_UNKNOWN
726    default:
727      ISPError++;
728      if (CRC_EOP == getch()) {
729        SERIAL.print((char)STK_UNKNOWN);
730      } else {
731        SERIAL.print((char)STK_NOSYNC);
732      }
733  }
734}

// ArduinoISP
// Copyright (c) 2008-2011 Randall Bohn
// If you  require a license, see
// https://opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php
//
//  This sketch turns the Arduino into a AVRISP using the following Arduino pins:
//
//  Pin 10 is used to reset the target microcontroller.
//
// By default, the  hardware SPI pins MISO, MOSI and SCK are used to communicate
// with the target.  On all Arduinos, these pins can be found
// on the ICSP/SPI header:
//
//               MISO °. . 5V (!) Avoid this pin on Due, Zero...
//               SCK   . . MOSI
//                     . . GND
//
// On some Arduinos (Uno,...),  pins MOSI, MISO and SCK are the same pins as
// digital pin 11, 12 and 13, respectively.  That is why many tutorials instruct
// you to hook up the target to these pins.  If you find this wiring more
// practical, have a define USE_OLD_STYLE_WIRING.  This will work even when not
// using an Uno. (On an Uno this is not needed).
//
//  Alternatively you can use any other digital pin by configuring
// software ('BitBanged')  SPI and having appropriate defines for PIN_MOSI,
// PIN_MISO and PIN_SCK.
//
//  IMPORTANT: When using an Arduino that is not 5V tolerant (Due, Zero, ...) as
//  the programmer, make sure to not expose any of the programmer's pins to 5V.
//  A simple way to accomplish this is to power the complete system (programmer
//  and target) at 3V3.
//
// Put an LED (with resistor) on the following pins:
//  9: Heartbeat   - shows the programmer is running
// 8: Error       - Lights up  if something goes wrong (use red if that makes sense)
// 7: Programming - In  communication with the slave
//

#include "Arduino.h"
#undef SERIAL


#define  PROG_FLICKER true

// Configure SPI clock (in Hz).
// E.g. for an ATtiny  @ 128 kHz: the datasheet states that both the high and low
// SPI clock pulse  must be > 2 CPU cycles, so take 3 cycles i.e. divide target
// f_cpu by 6:
//     #define SPI_CLOCK            (128000/6)
//
// A clock slow enough for  an ATtiny85 @ 1 MHz, is a reasonable default:

#define SPI_CLOCK 		(1000000/6)


//  Select hardware or software SPI, depending on SPI clock.
// Currently only for  AVR, for other architectures (Due, Zero,...), hardware SPI
// is probably too  fast anyway.

#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_AVR)

  #if SPI_CLOCK > (F_CPU  / 128)
    #define USE_HARDWARE_SPI
  #endif

#endif

// Configure  which pins to use:

// The standard pin configuration.
#ifndef ARDUINO_HOODLOADER2

  #define RESET     10 // Use pin 10 to reset the target rather than SS
  #define  LED_HB    9
  #define LED_ERR   8
  #define LED_PMODE 7

  // Uncomment  following line to use the old Uno style wiring
  // (using pin 11, 12 and 13  instead of the SPI header) on Leonardo, Due...

  // #define USE_OLD_STYLE_WIRING

  #ifdef USE_OLD_STYLE_WIRING

    #define PIN_MOSI	11
    #define PIN_MISO	12
    #define PIN_SCK		13

  #endif

  // HOODLOADER2 means running  sketches on the ATmega16U2 serial converter chips
  // on Uno or Mega boards.  We must use pins that are broken out:
#else

  #define RESET     	4
  #define LED_HB    	7
  #define LED_ERR   	6
  #define LED_PMODE 	5

#endif

//  By default, use hardware SPI pins:
#ifndef PIN_MOSI
  #define PIN_MOSI 	MOSI
#endif

#ifndef  PIN_MISO
  #define PIN_MISO 	MISO
#endif

#ifndef PIN_SCK
  #define  PIN_SCK 	SCK
#endif

// Force bitbanged SPI if not using the hardware  SPI pins:
#if (PIN_MISO != MISO) ||  (PIN_MOSI != MOSI) || (PIN_SCK != SCK)
  #undef USE_HARDWARE_SPI
#endif


// Configure the serial port to use.
//
//  Prefer the USB virtual serial port (aka. native USB port), if the Arduino has one:
//   - it does not autoreset (except for the magic baud rate of 1200).
//   - it  is more reliable because of USB handshaking.
//
// Leonardo and similar have  an USB virtual serial port: 'Serial'.
// Due and Zero have an USB virtual serial  port: 'SerialUSB'.
//
// On the Due and Zero, 'Serial' can be used too, provided  you disable autoreset.
// To use 'Serial': #define SERIAL Serial

#ifdef  SERIAL_PORT_USBVIRTUAL
  #define SERIAL SERIAL_PORT_USBVIRTUAL
#else
  #define  SERIAL Serial
#endif


// Configure the baud rate:

#define BAUDRATE	19200
//  #define BAUDRATE	115200
// #define BAUDRATE	1000000


#define HWVER  2
#define SWMAJ 1
#define SWMIN 18

// STK Definitions
#define STK_OK      0x10
#define STK_FAILED  0x11
#define STK_UNKNOWN 0x12
#define STK_INSYNC  0x14
#define STK_NOSYNC  0x15
#define CRC_EOP     0x20 //ok it is a space...

void  pulse(int pin, int times);

#ifdef USE_HARDWARE_SPI
#include "SPI.h"
#else

#define  SPI_MODE0 0x00

#if !defined(ARDUINO_API_VERSION) || ARDUINO_API_VERSION !=  10001 // A SPISettings class is declared by ArduinoCore-API 1.0.1
class SPISettings  {
  public:
    // clock is in Hz
    SPISettings(uint32_t clock, uint8_t  bitOrder, uint8_t dataMode) : clockFreq(clock) {
      (void) bitOrder;
      (void)  dataMode;
    };

    uint32_t getClockFreq() const {
      return clockFreq;
    }

  private:
    uint32_t clockFreq;
};
#endif  // !defined(ARDUINO_API_VERSION)

class  BitBangedSPI {
  public:
    void begin() {
      digitalWrite(PIN_SCK,  LOW);
      digitalWrite(PIN_MOSI, LOW);
      pinMode(PIN_SCK, OUTPUT);
      pinMode(PIN_MOSI, OUTPUT);
      pinMode(PIN_MISO, INPUT);
    }

    void beginTransaction(SPISettings settings) {
      pulseWidth = (500000  + settings.getClockFreq() - 1) / settings.getClockFreq();
      if (pulseWidth  == 0) {
        pulseWidth = 1;
      }
    }

    void end() {}

    uint8_t transfer(uint8_t b) {
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 8; ++i)  {
        digitalWrite(PIN_MOSI, (b & 0x80) ? HIGH : LOW);
        digitalWrite(PIN_SCK,  HIGH);
        delayMicroseconds(pulseWidth);
        b = (b << 1) | digitalRead(PIN_MISO);
        digitalWrite(PIN_SCK, LOW); // slow pulse
        delayMicroseconds(pulseWidth);
      }
      return b;
    }

  private:
    unsigned long pulseWidth;  // in microseconds
};

static BitBangedSPI SPI;

#endif

void  setup() {
  SERIAL.begin(BAUDRATE);

  pinMode(LED_PMODE, OUTPUT);
  pulse(LED_PMODE, 2);
  pinMode(LED_ERR, OUTPUT);
  pulse(LED_ERR, 2);
  pinMode(LED_HB, OUTPUT);
  pulse(LED_HB, 2);

}

int ISPError =  0;
int pmode = 0;
// address for reading and writing, set by 'U' command
unsigned  int here;
uint8_t buff[256]; // global block storage

#define beget16(addr)  (*addr * 256 + *(addr+1) )
typedef struct param {
  uint8_t devicecode;
  uint8_t revision;
  uint8_t progtype;
  uint8_t parmode;
  uint8_t polling;
  uint8_t selftimed;
  uint8_t lockbytes;
  uint8_t fusebytes;
  uint8_t  flashpoll;
  uint16_t eeprompoll;
  uint16_t pagesize;
  uint16_t eepromsize;
  uint32_t flashsize;
}
parameter;

parameter param;

// this  provides a heartbeat on pin 9, so you can tell the software is running.
uint8_t  hbval = 128;
int8_t hbdelta = 8;
void heartbeat() {
  static unsigned long  last_time = 0;
  unsigned long now = millis();
  if ((now - last_time) < 40)  {
    return;
  }
  last_time = now;
  if (hbval > 192) {
    hbdelta  = -hbdelta;
  }
  if (hbval < 32) {
    hbdelta = -hbdelta;
  }
  hbval += hbdelta;
  analogWrite(LED_HB, hbval);
}

static bool rst_active_high;

void  reset_target(bool reset) {
  digitalWrite(RESET, ((reset && rst_active_high)  || (!reset && !rst_active_high)) ? HIGH : LOW);
}

void loop(void) {
  // is pmode active?
  if (pmode) {
    digitalWrite(LED_PMODE, HIGH);
  } else {
    digitalWrite(LED_PMODE, LOW);
  }
  // is there an error?
  if (ISPError) {
    digitalWrite(LED_ERR, HIGH);
  } else {
    digitalWrite(LED_ERR,  LOW);
  }

  // light the heartbeat LED
  heartbeat();
  if (SERIAL.available())  {
    avrisp();
  }
}

uint8_t getch() {
  while (!SERIAL.available());
  return SERIAL.read();
}
void fill(int n) {
  for (int x = 0; x < n; x++)  {
    buff[x] = getch();
  }
}

#define PTIME 30
void pulse(int  pin, int times) {
  do {
    digitalWrite(pin, HIGH);
    delay(PTIME);
    digitalWrite(pin, LOW);
    delay(PTIME);
  } while (times--);
}

void  prog_lamp(int state) {
  if (PROG_FLICKER) {
    digitalWrite(LED_PMODE, state);
  }
}

uint8_t spi_transaction(uint8_t a, uint8_t b, uint8_t c, uint8_t  d) {
  SPI.transfer(a);
  SPI.transfer(b);
  SPI.transfer(c);
  return  SPI.transfer(d);
}

void empty_reply() {
  if (CRC_EOP == getch()) {
    SERIAL.print((char)STK_INSYNC);
    SERIAL.print((char)STK_OK);
  } else  {
    ISPError++;
    SERIAL.print((char)STK_NOSYNC);
  }
}

void  breply(uint8_t b) {
  if (CRC_EOP == getch()) {
    SERIAL.print((char)STK_INSYNC);
    SERIAL.print((char)b);
    SERIAL.print((char)STK_OK);
  } else {
    ISPError++;
    SERIAL.print((char)STK_NOSYNC);
  }
}

void get_version(uint8_t  c) {
  switch (c) {
    case 0x80:
      breply(HWVER);
      break;
    case 0x81:
      breply(SWMAJ);
      break;
    case 0x82:
      breply(SWMIN);
      break;
    case 0x93:
      breply('S'); // serial programmer
      break;
    default:
      breply(0);
  }
}

void set_parameters() {
  // call this after reading parameter packet into buff[]
  param.devicecode  = buff[0];
  param.revision   = buff[1];
  param.progtype   = buff[2];
  param.parmode    = buff[3];
  param.polling    = buff[4];
  param.selftimed  = buff[5];
  param.lockbytes  = buff[6];
  param.fusebytes  = buff[7];
  param.flashpoll  = buff[8];
  // ignore buff[9] (= buff[8])
  // following  are 16 bits (big endian)
  param.eeprompoll = beget16(&buff[10]);
  param.pagesize   = beget16(&buff[12]);
  param.eepromsize = beget16(&buff[14]);

  //  32 bits flashsize (big endian)
  param.flashsize = buff[16] * 0x01000000
                    + buff[17] * 0x00010000
                    + buff[18] *  0x00000100
                    + buff[19];

  // AVR devices have active  low reset, AT89Sx are active high
  rst_active_high = (param.devicecode >= 0xe0);
}

void  start_pmode() {

  // Reset target before driving PIN_SCK or PIN_MOSI

  // SPI.begin() will configure SS as output, so SPI master mode is selected.
  // We have defined RESET as pin 10, which for many Arduinos is not the SS pin.
  // So we have to configure RESET as output here,
  // (reset_target() first  sets the correct level)
  reset_target(true);
  pinMode(RESET, OUTPUT);
  SPI.begin();
  SPI.beginTransaction(SPISettings(SPI_CLOCK, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0));

  // See AVR datasheets, chapter "SERIAL_PRG Programming Algorithm":

  //  Pulse RESET after PIN_SCK is low:
  digitalWrite(PIN_SCK, LOW);
  delay(20);  // discharge PIN_SCK, value arbitrarily chosen
  reset_target(false);
  //  Pulse must be minimum 2 target CPU clock cycles so 100 usec is ok for CPU
  //  speeds above 20 KHz
  delayMicroseconds(100);
  reset_target(true);

  // Send the enable programming command:
  delay(50); // datasheet: must be  > 20 msec
  spi_transaction(0xAC, 0x53, 0x00, 0x00);
  pmode = 1;
}

void  end_pmode() {
  SPI.end();
  // We're about to take the target out of reset  so configure SPI pins as input
  pinMode(PIN_MOSI, INPUT);
  pinMode(PIN_SCK,  INPUT);
  reset_target(false);
  pinMode(RESET, INPUT);
  pmode = 0;
}

void  universal() {
  uint8_t ch;

  fill(4);
  ch = spi_transaction(buff[0],  buff[1], buff[2], buff[3]);
  breply(ch);
}

void flash(uint8_t hilo,  unsigned int addr, uint8_t data) {
  spi_transaction(0x40 + 8 * hilo,
                  addr  >> 8 & 0xFF,
                  addr & 0xFF,
                  data);
}
void  commit(unsigned int addr) {
  if (PROG_FLICKER) {
    prog_lamp(LOW);
  }
  spi_transaction(0x4C, (addr >> 8) & 0xFF, addr & 0xFF, 0);
  if (PROG_FLICKER)  {
    delay(PTIME);
    prog_lamp(HIGH);
  }
}

unsigned int current_page()  {
  if (param.pagesize == 32) {
    return here & 0xFFFFFFF0;
  }
  if  (param.pagesize == 64) {
    return here & 0xFFFFFFE0;
  }
  if (param.pagesize  == 128) {
    return here & 0xFFFFFFC0;
  }
  if (param.pagesize == 256)  {
    return here & 0xFFFFFF80;
  }
  return here;
}


void  write_flash(int length) {
  fill(length);
  if (CRC_EOP == getch()) {
    SERIAL.print((char) STK_INSYNC);
    SERIAL.print((char) write_flash_pages(length));
  } else {
    ISPError++;
    SERIAL.print((char) STK_NOSYNC);
  }
}

uint8_t  write_flash_pages(int length) {
  int x = 0;
  unsigned int page = current_page();
  while (x < length) {
    if (page != current_page()) {
      commit(page);
      page = current_page();
    }
    flash(LOW, here, buff[x++]);
    flash(HIGH,  here, buff[x++]);
    here++;
  }

  commit(page);

  return STK_OK;
}

#define  EECHUNK (32)
uint8_t write_eeprom(unsigned int length) {
  // here is a word  address, get the byte address
  unsigned int start = here * 2;
  unsigned  int remaining = length;
  if (length > param.eepromsize) {
    ISPError++;
    return STK_FAILED;
  }
  while (remaining > EECHUNK) {
    write_eeprom_chunk(start,  EECHUNK);
    start += EECHUNK;
    remaining -= EECHUNK;
  }
  write_eeprom_chunk(start,  remaining);
  return STK_OK;
}
// write (length) bytes, (start) is a byte  address
uint8_t write_eeprom_chunk(unsigned int start, unsigned int length) {
  // this writes byte-by-byte, page writing may be faster (4 bytes at a time)
  fill(length);
  prog_lamp(LOW);
  for (unsigned int x = 0; x < length; x++)  {
    unsigned int addr = start + x;
    spi_transaction(0xC0, (addr >> 8)  & 0xFF, addr & 0xFF, buff[x]);
    delay(45);
  }
  prog_lamp(HIGH);
  return STK_OK;
}

void program_page() {
  char result = (char) STK_FAILED;
  unsigned int length = 256 * getch();
  length += getch();
  char memtype  = getch();
  // flash memory @here, (length) bytes
  if (memtype == 'F') {
    write_flash(length);
    return;
  }
  if (memtype == 'E') {
    result  = (char)write_eeprom(length);
    if (CRC_EOP == getch()) {
      SERIAL.print((char)  STK_INSYNC);
      SERIAL.print(result);
    } else {
      ISPError++;
      SERIAL.print((char) STK_NOSYNC);
    }
    return;
  }
  SERIAL.print((char)STK_FAILED);
  return;
}

uint8_t flash_read(uint8_t hilo, unsigned int addr) {
  return spi_transaction(0x20 + hilo * 8,
                         (addr >> 8)  & 0xFF,
                         addr & 0xFF,
                         0);
}

char  flash_read_page(int length) {
  for (int x = 0; x < length; x += 2) {
    uint8_t  low = flash_read(LOW, here);
    SERIAL.print((char) low);
    uint8_t high  = flash_read(HIGH, here);
    SERIAL.print((char) high);
    here++;
  }
  return STK_OK;
}

char eeprom_read_page(int length) {
  // here again  we have a word address
  int start = here * 2;
  for (int x = 0; x < length;  x++) {
    int addr = start + x;
    uint8_t ee = spi_transaction(0xA0, (addr  >> 8) & 0xFF, addr & 0xFF, 0xFF);
    SERIAL.print((char) ee);
  }
  return  STK_OK;
}

void read_page() {
  char result = (char)STK_FAILED;
  int length = 256 * getch();
  length += getch();
  char memtype = getch();
  if (CRC_EOP != getch()) {
    ISPError++;
    SERIAL.print((char) STK_NOSYNC);
    return;
  }
  SERIAL.print((char) STK_INSYNC);
  if (memtype == 'F')  {
    result = flash_read_page(length);
  }
  if (memtype == 'E') {
    result = eeprom_read_page(length);
  }
  SERIAL.print(result);
}

void  read_signature() {
  if (CRC_EOP != getch()) {
    ISPError++;
    SERIAL.print((char)  STK_NOSYNC);
    return;
  }
  SERIAL.print((char) STK_INSYNC);
  uint8_t  high = spi_transaction(0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);
  SERIAL.print((char) high);
  uint8_t middle = spi_transaction(0x30, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00);
  SERIAL.print((char)  middle);
  uint8_t low = spi_transaction(0x30, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00);
  SERIAL.print((char)  low);
  SERIAL.print((char) STK_OK);
}
//////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////


////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////
void  avrisp() {
  uint8_t ch = getch();
  switch (ch) {
    case '0': // signon
      ISPError = 0;
      empty_reply();
      break;
    case '1':
      if (getch() == CRC_EOP) {
        SERIAL.print((char) STK_INSYNC);
        SERIAL.print("AVR ISP");
        SERIAL.print((char) STK_OK);
      }  else {
        ISPError++;
        SERIAL.print((char) STK_NOSYNC);
      }
      break;
    case 'A':
      get_version(getch());
      break;
    case 'B':
      fill(20);
      set_parameters();
      empty_reply();
      break;
    case 'E': // extended parameters - ignore for now
      fill(5);
      empty_reply();
      break;
    case 'P':
      if (!pmode) {
        start_pmode();
      }
      empty_reply();
      break;
    case  'U': // set address (word)
      here = getch();
      here += 256 * getch();
      empty_reply();
      break;

    case 0x60: //STK_PROG_FLASH
      getch(); // low addr
      getch(); // high addr
      empty_reply();
      break;
    case 0x61: //STK_PROG_DATA
      getch(); // data
      empty_reply();
      break;

    case 0x64: //STK_PROG_PAGE
      program_page();
      break;

    case 0x74: //STK_READ_PAGE 't'
      read_page();
      break;

    case 'V': //0x56
      universal();
      break;
    case 'Q': //0x51
      ISPError = 0;
      end_pmode();
      empty_reply();
      break;

    case 0x75: //STK_READ_SIGN 'u'
      read_signature();
      break;

    // expecting a command, not CRC_EOP
    // this is how  we can get back in sync
    case CRC_EOP:
      ISPError++;
      SERIAL.print((char)  STK_NOSYNC);
      break;

    // anything else we will return STK_UNKNOWN
    default:
      ISPError++;
      if (CRC_EOP == getch()) {
        SERIAL.print((char)STK_UNKNOWN);
      } else {
        SERIAL.print((char)STK_NOSYNC);
      }
  }
}

Downloadable files

ATmega328/168/8/48/88 Programming Shield

Download PDF File

ATmega328/168/8/48/88 Programming Shield

Download PDF File

ATmega328/168/8/48/88 Programming Shield

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