DIY addictive Arduino 1D Pong game

This is an interesting one-dimensional compact version of the classic "Pong" game made with a minimal number of components, yet extremely addictive.

Jul 12, 2024

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Components and supplies

Arduino Nano

Resistor 10k

I2C LCD

Piezo Buzzer

Push Button

LED (generic)

Resistor 470 ohm

Tools and machines

Soldering kit

Apps and platforms

Arduino IDE

Project description

Code

Code Pong

cpp

...

1//#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
2
3#include <Wire.h>
4
5#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
6LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
7
8
9bool willTheBallGoTowardsPlayerTwo = true;
10bool isInputAllowed = true;
11
12const int playerOne = 12;
13const int goalPlayerOne = 13;
14const int buttonPlayerOne = 3;
15
16const int playerTwo = 5;
17const int goalPlayerTwo = 4;
18const int buttonPlayerTwo = 2;
19
20int scoreOfPlayerOne = 0;
21int scoreOfPlayerTwo = 0;
22
23const unsigned long initialMillisecondsPerLED = 400;
24const unsigned long initialDeltaMillisecondsPerLED = 50;
25unsigned long millisecondsPerLED = initialMillisecondsPerLED;
26unsigned long deltaMillisecondsPerLED = initialDeltaMillisecondsPerLED;
27unsigned long currentMillis = 0;
28unsigned long previousMillis = 0;
29
30int currentPosition = playerOne;        //Player one starts the game.
31int previousPosition = playerOne + 1;
32int deltaPosition = 0;
33
34int buttonStatePlayerOne = 0;
35int lastButtonStatePlayerOne = 0;
36int buttonStatePlayerTwo = 0;
37int lastButtonStatePlayerTwo = 0;
38
39void setup() {
40
41 
42 lcd.backlight();
43 lcd.begin(16,2);
44  lcd.clear();
45  lcd.setCursor(2, 0); 
46  lcd.print("1D-Pong Game");
47  lcd.setCursor(3, 1); 
48  lcd.print("by mircemk");
49  delay(2000.);
50 
51 lcd.clear(); 
52 lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
53 lcd.print("Player One: 0");
54 lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
55 lcd.print("Player Two: 0");
56 
57
58
59  pinMode(4, 1);
60  pinMode(5, 1);
61  pinMode(6, 1);
62  pinMode(7, 1);
63  pinMode(8, 1);
64  pinMode(9, 1);
65  pinMode(10, 1);
66  pinMode(11, 1);
67  pinMode(12, 1);
68  pinMode(13, 1);
69  /*Connect pins 4 to 13 to 220ohm resistors, connect the LEDs' longer legs(+) to the resistors,
70    connect the other legs(-) of the LEDs' to ground.
71    I recommend red LEDs for 4 and 13(Goals), yellow LEDs for 5 and 12(Players), green LEDs for other pins(Field).
72  */
73
74  pinMode(2, 0);    //Pushbuttons for players. Pin 2 is for player two. Pin 3 is for player one.
75  pinMode(3, 0);    //Connect pushbuttons following the instructions on this page: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/DigitalReadSerial
76}
77
78void loop()
79{
80  ListenForInput();
81  currentMillis = millis();
82  if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= millisecondsPerLED)  //If you don't understand this, see: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/BlinkWithoutDelay
83  {
84    CheckGoalConditions();
85    lcd.clear();
86    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);  //(Column,Row)
87    lcd.print("Player One: ");
88    lcd.setCursor(12, 0); 
89    lcd.print(scoreOfPlayerOne);
90
91    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);  //(Column,Row)
92    lcd.print("Player Two: ");
93    lcd.setCursor(12, 1); 
94    lcd.print(scoreOfPlayerTwo);
95    CheckEndGame();
96    DetermineNextPosition();
97    MoveBallToNextPosition();
98
99    previousMillis = currentMillis;
100
101  }
102}
103
104void ListenForInput()    //If you don't understand this method. See: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/StateChangeDetection
105{
106  buttonStatePlayerOne = digitalRead(buttonPlayerOne);
107  buttonStatePlayerTwo = digitalRead(buttonPlayerTwo);
108
109  if (buttonStatePlayerOne != lastButtonStatePlayerOne && isInputAllowed)
110  {
111    if (buttonStatePlayerOne == 1)
112    {
113      if (currentPosition == playerOne)
114      {
115        ToggleBallDirection();
116        IncreaseSpeed();
117        
118      }
119      else
120      {
121        ScoreForPlayer(2);
122        
123      }
124    }
125    lastButtonStatePlayerOne = buttonStatePlayerOne;
126  }
127  if (buttonStatePlayerTwo != lastButtonStatePlayerTwo && isInputAllowed)
128  {
129    if (buttonStatePlayerTwo == 1)
130    {
131      if (currentPosition == playerTwo)
132      {
133        ToggleBallDirection();
134        IncreaseSpeed();
135        
136      }
137      else
138      {
139        ScoreForPlayer(1);
140        
141      }
142    }
143    lastButtonStatePlayerTwo = buttonStatePlayerTwo;
144  }
145}
146
147void ToggleBallDirection()
148{
149  willTheBallGoTowardsPlayerTwo = !willTheBallGoTowardsPlayerTwo;
150  isInputAllowed = false;   //Only one direction change per frame is allowed for consistent gameplay.
151}
152
153void IncreaseSpeed()
154{
155  millisecondsPerLED -= deltaMillisecondsPerLED;
156  if (deltaMillisecondsPerLED > 50)  //Because of this, it takes a little more time to reach to an insane speed. Adjust or remove this if rounds become too long.
157  {
158    deltaMillisecondsPerLED -= 50; 
159  }
160}
161
162void MoveBallToNextPosition()      //Moves the ball one spot.
163{
164  previousPosition = currentPosition;
165  digitalWrite(previousPosition, 0);
166  currentPosition = currentPosition + deltaPosition;
167  digitalWrite(currentPosition, 1);
168  tone(1, 500, 50);
169  isInputAllowed = true;
170}
171
172void DetermineNextPosition()
173{
174  if (willTheBallGoTowardsPlayerTwo)
175  {
176    deltaPosition = -1;
177  }
178  else
179  {
180    deltaPosition = 1;
181  }
182}
183
184void CheckGoalConditions()
185{
186  if (currentPosition == goalPlayerTwo)
187  {
188    ScoreForPlayer(1);    
189  }
190  else if (currentPosition == goalPlayerOne)
191  {
192    ScoreForPlayer(2);
193  }
194}
195
196void ScoreForPlayer(int playerWhoScored)
197{
198  isInputAllowed = false;
199  FlashAllLEDs(1, 0);
200  if (playerWhoScored == 1)
201  {
202    scoreOfPlayerOne++;
203    
204    Reset(1);
205      }
206  else if (playerWhoScored == 2)
207  {
208    scoreOfPlayerTwo++;
209    
210    Reset(2);
211  }
212  
213}
214
215void CheckEndGame()
216{
217  if (scoreOfPlayerOne == 10)
218  {
219    lcd.clear();
220    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
221    lcd.print("Player One Win");
222    EndGameCeremonyFor(1);
223    
224  }
225  if (scoreOfPlayerTwo == 10)
226  {
227    lcd.clear();
228    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
229    lcd.print("Player Two Win");
230    EndGameCeremonyFor(2);
231    
232  }
233}
234
235void Reset(int playerCurrentlyScored)
236{
237  if (playerCurrentlyScored == 1)
238  {
239    digitalWrite(playerOne, 1);
240    currentPosition = playerOne;
241    willTheBallGoTowardsPlayerTwo = true;
242    tone(1, 200 ,150 );
243  }
244  else if (playerCurrentlyScored == 2)
245  {
246    digitalWrite(playerTwo, 1);
247    currentPosition = playerTwo;
248    willTheBallGoTowardsPlayerTwo = false;
249      tone(1, 300 ,150 );
250      
251  }
252
253  delay(1000);                //Are three seconds enough for players to process the score?  
254  millisecondsPerLED = initialMillisecondsPerLED;            //Sets speed to initial value at the beginning of each round.
255  deltaMillisecondsPerLED = initialDeltaMillisecondsPerLED; 
256}
257
258
259void EndGameCeremonyFor(int winner)
260{
261  FlashAllLEDs(50, winner);
262  TurnOffAllLEDsForPlayer(0);
263  scoreOfPlayerOne = 0;
264  scoreOfPlayerTwo = 0;
265  delay(1000);
266   lcd.clear();
267    lcd.setCursor(4, 0);
268    lcd.print("Starting");
269     lcd.setCursor(4,1);
270    lcd.print("New Game");
271    delay(2000);
272}
273
274void TurnOnAllLEDsForPlayer(int player)
275{
276  if (player != 1)          //When this method is called with (2), only these pins(player two's) will turn on
277  {
278    digitalWrite(4, 1);
279    digitalWrite(5, 1);
280    digitalWrite(6, 1);
281    digitalWrite(7, 1);
282    digitalWrite(8, 1);
283    tone(1, 1000, 35);
284  }
285  if (player != 2)          //When this method is called with (1), only these pins(player one's) will turn on
286  {
287    digitalWrite(9, 1);
288    digitalWrite(10, 1);
289    digitalWrite(11, 1);
290    digitalWrite(12, 1);
291    digitalWrite(13, 1);
292    tone(1, 1000, 35);
293  }
294}
295
296void TurnOffAllLEDsForPlayer(int player)
297{
298  if (player != 1)          //When this method is called with (2), only these pins(player two's) will turn off
299  {
300    digitalWrite(4, 0);
301    digitalWrite(5, 0);
302    digitalWrite(6, 0);
303    digitalWrite(7, 0);
304    digitalWrite(8, 0);
305  }
306  if (player != 2)          //When this method is called with (1), only these pins(player one's) will turn off
307  {
308    digitalWrite(9, 0);
309    digitalWrite(10, 0);
310    digitalWrite(11, 0);
311    digitalWrite(12, 0);
312    digitalWrite(13, 0);
313  }
314}
315
316void FlashAllLEDs(int blinkCount, int player) //Second parameter(int player) is for when you want to flash only one player's LEDs. Use 1 for player one, use 2 for player two. 
317{
318  for (int i = 0; i < blinkCount; i++)
319  {
320    TurnOnAllLEDsForPlayer(player);
321    delay(35);
322    TurnOffAllLEDsForPlayer(player);
323    delay(35);
324  }
325}

//#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

#include <Wire.h>

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);


bool willTheBallGoTowardsPlayerTwo = true;
bool isInputAllowed = true;

const int playerOne = 12;
const int goalPlayerOne = 13;
const int buttonPlayerOne = 3;

const int playerTwo = 5;
const int goalPlayerTwo = 4;
const int buttonPlayerTwo = 2;

int scoreOfPlayerOne = 0;
int scoreOfPlayerTwo = 0;

const unsigned long initialMillisecondsPerLED = 400;
const unsigned long initialDeltaMillisecondsPerLED = 50;
unsigned long millisecondsPerLED = initialMillisecondsPerLED;
unsigned long deltaMillisecondsPerLED = initialDeltaMillisecondsPerLED;
unsigned long currentMillis = 0;
unsigned long previousMillis = 0;

int currentPosition = playerOne;        //Player one starts the game.
int previousPosition = playerOne + 1;
int deltaPosition = 0;

int buttonStatePlayerOne = 0;
int lastButtonStatePlayerOne = 0;
int buttonStatePlayerTwo = 0;
int lastButtonStatePlayerTwo = 0;

void setup() {

 
 lcd.backlight();
 lcd.begin(16,2);
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.setCursor(2, 0); 
  lcd.print("1D-Pong Game");
  lcd.setCursor(3, 1); 
  lcd.print("by mircemk");
  delay(2000.);
 
 lcd.clear(); 
 lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
 lcd.print("Player One: 0");
 lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
 lcd.print("Player Two: 0");
 


  pinMode(4, 1);
  pinMode(5, 1);
  pinMode(6, 1);
  pinMode(7, 1);
  pinMode(8, 1);
  pinMode(9, 1);
  pinMode(10, 1);
  pinMode(11, 1);
  pinMode(12, 1);
  pinMode(13, 1);
  /*Connect pins 4 to 13 to 220ohm resistors, connect the LEDs' longer legs(+) to the resistors,
    connect the other legs(-) of the LEDs' to ground.
    I recommend red LEDs for 4 and 13(Goals), yellow LEDs for 5 and 12(Players), green LEDs for other pins(Field).
  */

  pinMode(2, 0);    //Pushbuttons for players. Pin 2 is for player two. Pin 3 is for player one.
  pinMode(3, 0);    //Connect pushbuttons following the instructions on this page: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/DigitalReadSerial
}

void loop()
{
  ListenForInput();
  currentMillis = millis();
  if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= millisecondsPerLED)  //If you don't understand this, see: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/BlinkWithoutDelay
  {
    CheckGoalConditions();
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);  //(Column,Row)
    lcd.print("Player One: ");
    lcd.setCursor(12, 0); 
    lcd.print(scoreOfPlayerOne);

    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);  //(Column,Row)
    lcd.print("Player Two: ");
    lcd.setCursor(12, 1); 
    lcd.print(scoreOfPlayerTwo);
    CheckEndGame();
    DetermineNextPosition();
    MoveBallToNextPosition();

    previousMillis = currentMillis;

  }
}

void ListenForInput()    //If you don't understand this method. See: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/StateChangeDetection
{
  buttonStatePlayerOne = digitalRead(buttonPlayerOne);
  buttonStatePlayerTwo = digitalRead(buttonPlayerTwo);

  if (buttonStatePlayerOne != lastButtonStatePlayerOne && isInputAllowed)
  {
    if (buttonStatePlayerOne == 1)
    {
      if (currentPosition == playerOne)
      {
        ToggleBallDirection();
        IncreaseSpeed();
        
      }
      else
      {
        ScoreForPlayer(2);
        
      }
    }
    lastButtonStatePlayerOne = buttonStatePlayerOne;
  }
  if (buttonStatePlayerTwo != lastButtonStatePlayerTwo && isInputAllowed)
  {
    if (buttonStatePlayerTwo == 1)
    {
      if (currentPosition == playerTwo)
      {
        ToggleBallDirection();
        IncreaseSpeed();
        
      }
      else
      {
        ScoreForPlayer(1);
        
      }
    }
    lastButtonStatePlayerTwo = buttonStatePlayerTwo;
  }
}

void ToggleBallDirection()
{
  willTheBallGoTowardsPlayerTwo = !willTheBallGoTowardsPlayerTwo;
  isInputAllowed = false;   //Only one direction change per frame is allowed for consistent gameplay.
}

void IncreaseSpeed()
{
  millisecondsPerLED -= deltaMillisecondsPerLED;
  if (deltaMillisecondsPerLED > 50)  //Because of this, it takes a little more time to reach to an insane speed. Adjust or remove this if rounds become too long.
  {
    deltaMillisecondsPerLED -= 50; 
  }
}

void MoveBallToNextPosition()      //Moves the ball one spot.
{
  previousPosition = currentPosition;
  digitalWrite(previousPosition, 0);
  currentPosition = currentPosition + deltaPosition;
  digitalWrite(currentPosition, 1);
  tone(1, 500, 50);
  isInputAllowed = true;
}

void DetermineNextPosition()
{
  if (willTheBallGoTowardsPlayerTwo)
  {
    deltaPosition = -1;
  }
  else
  {
    deltaPosition = 1;
  }
}

void CheckGoalConditions()
{
  if (currentPosition == goalPlayerTwo)
  {
    ScoreForPlayer(1);    
  }
  else if (currentPosition == goalPlayerOne)
  {
    ScoreForPlayer(2);
  }
}

void ScoreForPlayer(int playerWhoScored)
{
  isInputAllowed = false;
  FlashAllLEDs(1, 0);
  if (playerWhoScored == 1)
  {
    scoreOfPlayerOne++;
    
    Reset(1);
      }
  else if (playerWhoScored == 2)
  {
    scoreOfPlayerTwo++;
    
    Reset(2);
  }
  
}

void CheckEndGame()
{
  if (scoreOfPlayerOne == 10)
  {
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Player One Win");
    EndGameCeremonyFor(1);
    
  }
  if (scoreOfPlayerTwo == 10)
  {
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Player Two Win");
    EndGameCeremonyFor(2);
    
  }
}

void Reset(int playerCurrentlyScored)
{
  if (playerCurrentlyScored == 1)
  {
    digitalWrite(playerOne, 1);
    currentPosition = playerOne;
    willTheBallGoTowardsPlayerTwo = true;
    tone(1, 200 ,150 );
  }
  else if (playerCurrentlyScored == 2)
  {
    digitalWrite(playerTwo, 1);
    currentPosition = playerTwo;
    willTheBallGoTowardsPlayerTwo = false;
      tone(1, 300 ,150 );
      
  }

  delay(1000);                //Are three seconds enough for players to process the score?  
  millisecondsPerLED = initialMillisecondsPerLED;            //Sets speed to initial value at the beginning of each round.
  deltaMillisecondsPerLED = initialDeltaMillisecondsPerLED; 
}


void EndGameCeremonyFor(int winner)
{
  FlashAllLEDs(50, winner);
  TurnOffAllLEDsForPlayer(0);
  scoreOfPlayerOne = 0;
  scoreOfPlayerTwo = 0;
  delay(1000);
   lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(4, 0);
    lcd.print("Starting");
     lcd.setCursor(4,1);
    lcd.print("New Game");
    delay(2000);
}

void TurnOnAllLEDsForPlayer(int player)
{
  if (player != 1)          //When this method is called with (2), only these pins(player two's) will turn on
  {
    digitalWrite(4, 1);
    digitalWrite(5, 1);
    digitalWrite(6, 1);
    digitalWrite(7, 1);
    digitalWrite(8, 1);
    tone(1, 1000, 35);
  }
  if (player != 2)          //When this method is called with (1), only these pins(player one's) will turn on
  {
    digitalWrite(9, 1);
    digitalWrite(10, 1);
    digitalWrite(11, 1);
    digitalWrite(12, 1);
    digitalWrite(13, 1);
    tone(1, 1000, 35);
  }
}

void TurnOffAllLEDsForPlayer(int player)
{
  if (player != 1)          //When this method is called with (2), only these pins(player two's) will turn off
  {
    digitalWrite(4, 0);
    digitalWrite(5, 0);
    digitalWrite(6, 0);
    digitalWrite(7, 0);
    digitalWrite(8, 0);
  }
  if (player != 2)          //When this method is called with (1), only these pins(player one's) will turn off
  {
    digitalWrite(9, 0);
    digitalWrite(10, 0);
    digitalWrite(11, 0);
    digitalWrite(12, 0);
    digitalWrite(13, 0);
  }
}

void FlashAllLEDs(int blinkCount, int player) //Second parameter(int player) is for when you want to flash only one player's LEDs. Use 1 for player one, use 2 for player two. 
{
  for (int i = 0; i < blinkCount; i++)
  {
    TurnOnAllLEDsForPlayer(player);
    delay(35);
    TurnOffAllLEDsForPlayer(player);
    delay(35);
  }
}

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Schematic.jpg

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