Charger for nickel-metal-hydride accumulators

This device allows you to charge batteries according to the parameters you set.

May 29, 2023

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GPL3+

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Arduino Nano

2 relay module

IRF510N MOSFET

20x4 LCD

Hardware & Tools

Multimeter

Soldering iron (generic)

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Arduino IDE

Project description

Code

Here is the Code for the charger.

cpp

You will need the LiquidCrystal-1.0.6 library

1#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
2#include <EEPROM.h>
3LiquidCrystal lcd(7,6,4,5,3,2);       // (RS,E,D4,D5,D6,D7)
4
5// Constants
6/////////////////////////////////////////
7int maxPower                  = 30;    // Maximal charging power. 30 = 300mA, 1 = 10mA
8int discharging_mVolt         = 950;   // Volt (milli volt) value where the discharging will stop.  900 = 900mV
9float correctionCharging1     = -0.15; // Correction (Volt). 0.15 = 0.15V
10float correctionCharging2     = -0.15; // 
11float correctionDischarging1  = 0.05;  //
12float correctionDischarging2  = 0.05;  //
13/////////////////////////////////////////
14
15boolean mainMenuIsDisplayed    = true;
16boolean chargingIsDisplayed    = false;
17boolean disChargingIsDisplayed = false;
18boolean powerIsDisplayed       = false;
19boolean timeIsDisplayed        = false;
20boolean modeIsDisplayed        = false;
21boolean changeVoltIsDisplayed  = false;
22
23int upButton    = 12;
24int downButton  = 19;
25int enterButton =  8;
26int resetPin    = 11;
27int relay1Pin   = 13;
28int relay2Pin   = 18;
29int PWM1Pin     = 10;
30int PWM2Pin     =  9;
31int volt1_1Pin  = 14;
32int volt1_2Pin  = 21;
33int volt2_1Pin  = 15;
34int volt2_2Pin  = 20;
35
36int hours = EEPROM.read(0);
37int power = EEPROM.read(1);
38float maxVolt = EEPROM.read(3);
39
40int cursorPosition = 1;
41
42byte selectArrow[8] = {
43  0b11000,
44  0b11100,
45  0b11110,
46  0b11111,
47  0b11111,
48  0b11110,
49  0b11100,
50  0b11000
51};
52
53void setup(){
54  pinMode(downButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
55  pinMode(upButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
56  pinMode(enterButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
57  pinMode(relay1Pin, OUTPUT);
58  pinMode(relay2Pin, OUTPUT);
59  pinMode(PWM1Pin, OUTPUT);
60  pinMode(PWM2Pin, OUTPUT);
61
62  // 7.8kHz 10 bit
63  TCCR1A = 0b00000011;
64  TCCR1B = 0b00000001;
65  //Serial.begin(115200);
66  lcd.begin(20, 4); //  Initialize the display, (columns, rows)
67    
68  lcd.createChar(0, selectArrow);
69  drawMenu();
70}
71
72void loop(){
73  if (digitalRead(upButton) == 0){
74    upPressed();
75    delay(300);
76  }
77  if (digitalRead(downButton) == 0){
78    downPressed();
79    delay(300);
80  }
81  if (digitalRead(enterButton) == 0){
82    enterPressed();
83    delay(300);
84  }
85}
86
87void charging(){
88  lcd.clear();
89  lcd.setCursor(6, 0);
90  lcd.print("Accu 1");
91  lcd.setCursor(14, 0);
92  lcd.print("Accu 2");
93  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
94  lcd.print("V:");
95  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
96  lcd.print("mA:");
97
98  uint32_t sec; 
99  int timeHours = 0;
100  int timeMins;
101  String minsZero;
102
103  boolean RUN              = true;
104  boolean accu1Finished    = false;
105  boolean accu2Finished    = false;
106  boolean accu1IsPluggedIn = false;
107  boolean accu2IsPluggedIn = false;
108
109  int PWM1 = 300;
110  int PWM2 = 300;
111  int power = EEPROM.read(1);
112  power *= 10;
113  analogWrite(PWM1Pin, PWM1);
114  analogWrite(PWM2Pin, PWM2);
115
116  while (RUN){
117    sec = millis() / 1000ul;
118    timeHours = (sec / 3600ul);
119    timeMins = (sec % 3600ul) / 60ul;
120
121    float mV1_1 = analogRead(volt1_1Pin);
122    float mV1_2 = analogRead(volt1_2Pin);
123
124    float mV2_1 = analogRead(volt2_1Pin);
125    float mV2_2 = analogRead(volt2_2Pin);
126
127    mV1_1 = mV1_1 * 5000 / 1023;
128    mV1_2 = mV1_2 * 5000 / 1023;
129
130    mV2_1 = mV2_1 * 5000 / 1023;
131    mV2_2 = mV2_2 * 5000 / 1023;
132
133    float voltAccu1 = ((5000 - mV1_1) / 1000) + correctionCharging1;
134    float voltAccu2 = ((5000 - mV2_1) / 1000) + correctionCharging2;
135
136    int mAmpere1 = (mV1_1 - mV1_2) / 5;
137    int mAmpere2 = (mV2_1 - mV2_2) / 5;
138
139    if (mV1_1 < 50){
140      accu1IsPluggedIn = false;
141      PWM1 = 0;
142      showNoAccu(6);
143    } else {
144      accu1IsPluggedIn = true;
145    }
146    
147    if (mV2_1 < 50){
148      accu2IsPluggedIn = false;
149      PWM2 = 0;
150      showNoAccu(14);
151    } else {
152      accu2IsPluggedIn = true;
153    }
154
155    if (!accu1Finished && accu1IsPluggedIn){
156      if (power != mAmpere1){
157        if (mAmpere1 < 5){
158          PWM1 += 100;
159        } else if (power - mAmpere1 >= 40){
160          PWM1 += 20;
161        }
162        if (mAmpere1 < power){
163          PWM1++;
164        } else {
165          PWM1--;
166        }
167      }
168    }
169
170    if (!accu2Finished && accu2IsPluggedIn){
171      if (power != mAmpere2){
172        if (mAmpere2 < 5){
173          PWM2 += 100;
174        } else if (power - mAmpere2 >= 40){
175          PWM2 += 20;
176        }
177        if (mAmpere2 < power){
178          PWM2++;
179        } else {
180          PWM2--;
181        }
182      }
183    }
184
185    analogWrite(PWM1Pin, PWM1);
186    analogWrite(PWM2Pin, PWM2);
187
188    if (!accu1Finished && accu1IsPluggedIn){
189      showChargingData(6, voltAccu1, mAmpere1);
190    }
191
192    if (!accu2Finished && accu2IsPluggedIn){
193      showChargingData(14, voltAccu2, mAmpere2);
194    }
195
196    // auto
197    if (EEPROM.read(2) == 0){
198      if (voltAccu1 >= maxVolt / 100 && accu1IsPluggedIn){
199        accu1Finished = true;
200        PWM1 = 0;
201        analogWrite(PWM1Pin, PWM1);
202        lcd.setCursor(6, 2);
203        lcd.print("Done");
204      }
205      if (voltAccu2 >= maxVolt / 100 && accu2IsPluggedIn){
206        accu2Finished = true;
207        PWM2 = 0;
208        analogWrite(PWM2Pin, PWM2);
209        lcd.setCursor(14, 2);
210        lcd.print("Done");
211      }
212      if ((accu1Finished || !accu1IsPluggedIn) && (accu2Finished || !accu2IsPluggedIn)){
213        RUN = false;
214        lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
215        lcd.print("Press enter to exit");
216      }
217    } else { // manually
218      lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
219      lcd.print("     ");
220      if (timeMins < 10){
221        minsZero = "0";
222      } else {
223        minsZero = "";
224      }
225      lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
226      lcd.print(String(timeHours) + ":" + minsZero + String(timeMins));
227      if (timeHours >= hours){
228        accu1Finished = true;
229        accu2Finished = true;
230        lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
231        lcd.print("   ");
232        lcd.setCursor(6, 2);
233        lcd.print("Done");
234        lcd.setCursor(14, 2);
235        lcd.print("Done");
236        lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
237        lcd.print("Press enter to exit");
238        PWM1 = 0;
239        PWM2 = 0;
240        analogWrite(PWM1Pin, PWM1);
241        analogWrite(PWM2Pin, PWM2);
242        RUN = false;
243      } else if (!accu1IsPluggedIn && !accu2IsPluggedIn){
244        showNoAccu(6);
245        showNoAccu(14);
246        lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
247        lcd.print("Press enter to exit");
248        PWM1 = 0;
249        PWM2 = 0;
250        analogWrite(PWM1Pin, PWM1);
251        analogWrite(PWM2Pin, PWM2);
252        RUN = false;
253      }
254    }
255    delay(2000);
256  }
257  for(;;){
258    if (digitalRead(enterButton) == 0){
259      pinMode(resetPin, OUTPUT);
260      digitalWrite(resetPin, LOW);
261    }
262    delay(50);
263  }
264}
265
266void discharge(){
267  boolean discharging1Finished = false;
268  boolean discharging2Finished = false;
269  boolean accu1IsPluggedIn = false;
270  boolean accu2IsPluggedIn = false;
271  lcd.clear();
272  lcd.setCursor(6, 0);
273  lcd.print("Accu 1");
274  lcd.setCursor(14, 0);
275  lcd.print("Accu 2");
276  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
277  lcd.print("mAh:");
278  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
279  lcd.print("V:");
280  lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
281  lcd.print("mA:");
282
283  digitalWrite(relay1Pin, HIGH);
284  digitalWrite(relay2Pin, HIGH);
285  delay(500);
286  float mAh1 = 0;
287  float mAh2 = 0;
288  for (;;){
289    // first accu
290    float mV1_2 = analogRead(volt1_2Pin);
291    mV1_2 = (mV1_2 * 5000) / 1023;
292    mV1_2 += correctionDischarging1 * 1000;
293
294    if (mV1_2 <= 100 && !discharging1Finished){
295      accu1IsPluggedIn = false;
296      showNoAccu(6);
297    } else {
298      accu1IsPluggedIn = true;
299    }
300
301    if (!discharging1Finished && accu1IsPluggedIn){
302      float mAmpere1 = mV1_2 / 5; // 5Ω
303      mAh1 += mAmpere1 * 0.0027777778;
304      
305      float V1_2 = mV1_2 / 1000;
306      
307      showDischargingData(6, int(mAh1), V1_2, int(mAmpere1));
308
309      if (mV1_2 < discharging_mVolt && mV1_2 > 100){
310        discharging1Finished = true;
311        digitalWrite(relay1Pin, LOW);
312        lcd.setCursor(6, 2);
313        lcd.print("Done");
314        lcd.setCursor(6, 3);
315        lcd.print("    ");
316      }
317    }
318
319    // second accu
320    float mV2_2 = analogRead(volt2_2Pin);
321    mV2_2 = (mV2_2 * 5000) / 1023;
322    mV2_2 += correctionDischarging2 * 1000;
323    
324    if (mV2_2 <= 100 && !discharging2Finished){
325      accu2IsPluggedIn = false;
326      showNoAccu(14);
327    } else {
328      accu2IsPluggedIn = true;
329    }
330
331    if (!discharging2Finished && accu2IsPluggedIn){
332      float mAmpere2 = mV2_2 / 5; // 5Ω
333      mAh2 += mAmpere2 * 0.0027777778;
334      float V2_2 = mV2_2 / 1000;
335
336      showDischargingData(14, int(mAh2), V2_2, int(mAmpere2));
337      
338      if (mV2_2 < discharging_mVolt && mV2_2 > 100){
339        discharging2Finished = true;
340        digitalWrite(relay2Pin, LOW);
341        lcd.setCursor(14, 2);
342        lcd.print("Done");
343        lcd.setCursor(14, 3);
344        lcd.print("    ");
345      }
346    }
347
348    if ((discharging1Finished || !accu1IsPluggedIn) && (discharging2Finished || !accu2IsPluggedIn)){
349      lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
350      lcd.print("    ");
351      lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
352      lcd.print("  ");
353      lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
354      lcd.print("   ");
355      lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
356      lcd.print("Press enter to exit");
357      digitalWrite(relay1Pin, LOW);
358      digitalWrite(relay2Pin, LOW);
359      for (;;){
360        if (digitalRead(enterButton) == 0){
361          pinMode(resetPin, OUTPUT);
362          digitalWrite(resetPin, LOW);
363        }
364        delay(50);
365      }
366    }
367    delay(10000);
368  }
369}
370
371void drawMenu(){
372  mainMenuIsDisplayed = true;
373  lcd.clear();
374  
375  drawCursor();
376  
377  lcd.setCursor(1, 0);
378  lcd.print("Charge");
379  lcd.setCursor(1, 1);
380  lcd.print("Discharge");
381  lcd.setCursor(1, 2);
382  lcd.print("Power");
383  lcd.setCursor(7, 2);
384  lcd.print(String(power) + "0" + "mA");
385  lcd.setCursor(1, 3);
386  lcd.print("Time");
387  lcd.setCursor(7, 3);
388  lcd.print(String(hours) + "h");
389  String showMode;
390  if (EEPROM.read(2) == 0){
391    showMode = "Auto";
392  } else {
393    showMode = "Manu";
394  }
395  lcd.setCursor(11, 0);
396  lcd.print("Mode:" + showMode);
397}
398
399void drawCursor(){
400  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
401  lcd.print(" ");
402  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
403  lcd.print(" ");
404  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
405  lcd.print(" ");
406  lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
407  lcd.print(" ");
408  lcd.setCursor(10, 0);
409  lcd.print(" ");
410  
411  if (cursorPosition == 1){
412    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
413    lcd.write(byte(0));
414  } else if (cursorPosition == 2){
415    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
416    lcd.write(byte(0));
417  } else if (cursorPosition == 3){
418    lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
419    lcd.write(byte(0));
420  } else if (cursorPosition == 4){
421    lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
422    lcd.write(byte(0));
423  } else if (cursorPosition == 5){
424    lcd.setCursor(10, 0);
425    lcd.write(byte(0));
426  }
427}
428
429void upPressed(){
430  if (mainMenuIsDisplayed){
431    if (cursorPosition == 1){
432    cursorPosition = 5;
433    } else {
434    cursorPosition--;
435    }
436    drawCursor();
437  }
438
439  if (timeIsDisplayed){
440    if (hours < 99){
441      hours++;
442    }
443    changeTime();
444  }
445
446  if (powerIsDisplayed){
447    if (power < maxPower){
448      power++;
449    }
450    changePower();
451  }
452  
453  if (modeIsDisplayed){
454    if(cursorPosition == 1){
455      cursorPosition++;
456      lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
457      lcd.print(" ");
458      lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
459      lcd.write(byte(0));
460    } else {
461      cursorPosition--;
462      lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
463      lcd.print(" ");
464      lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
465      lcd.write(byte(0));
466    }
467  }
468
469  if (changeVoltIsDisplayed){
470    if (maxVolt < 200){
471      maxVolt++;
472      lcd.setCursor(10, 0);
473      maxVolt /= 100;
474      lcd.print(String(maxVolt) + "V");
475      maxVolt *= 100;
476    }
477  }
478}
479
480void downPressed(){
481  if (mainMenuIsDisplayed){
482    if (cursorPosition == 5){
483      cursorPosition = 1;
484    } else {
485      cursorPosition++;
486    }
487    drawCursor();
488  }
489
490  if (timeIsDisplayed){
491    if (hours > 1){
492      hours--;
493    }
494    changeTime();
495  }
496
497  if (powerIsDisplayed){
498    if (power > 1){
499      power--;
500    }
501    changePower();
502  }
503
504  if (modeIsDisplayed){
505    if(cursorPosition == 1){
506      cursorPosition++;
507      lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
508      lcd.print(" ");
509      lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
510      lcd.write(byte(0));
511    } else {
512      cursorPosition--;
513      lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
514      lcd.print(" ");
515      lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
516      lcd.write(byte(0));
517    }
518  }
519
520  if (changeVoltIsDisplayed){
521    if (maxVolt > 100){
522      //Serial.print("1:");
523      //Serial.println(maxVolt);
524      maxVolt--;
525      //Serial.println("2:");
526      //Serial.println(maxVolt);
527      lcd.setCursor(10, 0);
528      maxVolt /= 100;
529      lcd.print(String(maxVolt) + "V");
530      maxVolt *= 100;
531    }
532  }
533}
534
535
536void enterPressed(){
537  if (powerIsDisplayed){
538    powerIsDisplayed = false;
539    drawMenu();
540    EEPROM.write(1, power);
541  } else if (changeVoltIsDisplayed){
542    changeVoltIsDisplayed = false;
543    EEPROM.write(3, maxVolt);
544    drawMenu();
545  } else if (timeIsDisplayed){
546    timeIsDisplayed = false;
547    drawMenu();
548    EEPROM.write(0, hours);
549  } else if (modeIsDisplayed){
550    if(cursorPosition == 1){
551      modeIsDisplayed = false;
552      changeVoltIsDisplayed = true;
553      EEPROM.write(2, 0);
554      lcd.clear();
555      showInfo();
556      lcd.setCursor(0,0);
557      float maxVolt = EEPROM.read(3);
558      maxVolt /= 100;
559      lcd.print("charge to " + String(maxVolt) + "V");
560      maxVolt *= 100;
561    } else if (cursorPosition == 2){
562      EEPROM.write(2, 1);
563      modeIsDisplayed = false;
564      cursorPosition = 1;
565      drawMenu();
566    }
567  } else if (mainMenuIsDisplayed){
568    if (cursorPosition == 1){
569      charging();
570      chargingIsDisplayed = true;
571    } else if(cursorPosition == 2){
572      discharge();
573      disChargingIsDisplayed = true;
574    } else if(cursorPosition == 3){
575      changePower();
576      powerIsDisplayed = true;
577    } else if(cursorPosition == 4){
578      changeTime();
579      timeIsDisplayed = true;
580    } else if(cursorPosition == 5){
581      changeMode();
582      modeIsDisplayed = true;
583    }
584    mainMenuIsDisplayed = false;
585  }
586  delay(300);
587}
588
589void changeTime(){
590  lcd.clear();
591  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
592  lcd.print("Charging " + String(hours) + " hours");
593  showInfo();
594}
595
596void changePower(){
597  lcd.clear();
598  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
599  lcd.print("Charging " + String(power) + "0" " mA");
600  showInfo();
601}
602
603void changeMode(){
604  lcd.clear();
605  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
606  lcd.print("Charging mode:");
607  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
608  lcd.write(byte(0));
609  cursorPosition = 1;
610  maxVolt /= 100;
611  String autoText = "Auto stop at " + String(maxVolt) + "V";
612  maxVolt *= 100;
613  lcd.setCursor(1, 1);
614  lcd.print(autoText);
615  lcd.setCursor(1, 2);
616  lcd.print("Manually");
617}
618
619void showInfo(){
620  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
621  lcd.print("Up = add");
622  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
623  lcd.print("Down = reduce");
624  lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
625  lcd.print("Enter = save & exit");
626}
627
628void showNoAccu(int col){
629  lcd.setCursor(col, 1);
630  lcd.print("    ");
631  lcd.setCursor(col, 1);
632  lcd.print("No");
633  lcd.setCursor(col, 2);
634  lcd.print("accu");
635  lcd.setCursor(col, 3);
636  lcd.print("    ");
637}
638
639void showChargingData(int col, float v, int mA){
640  lcd.setCursor(col, 1);
641  lcd.print("    ");
642  lcd.setCursor(col, 1);
643  lcd.print(String(v));
644  lcd.setCursor(col, 2);
645  lcd.print("    ");
646  lcd.setCursor(col, 2);
647  lcd.print(String(mA));
648}
649
650void showDischargingData(int col, int mAh, float v, int mA){
651  lcd.setCursor(col, 1);
652  lcd.print("    ");
653  lcd.setCursor(col, 1);
654  lcd.print(String(mAh));
655  lcd.setCursor(col, 2);
656  lcd.print("    ");
657  lcd.setCursor(col, 2);
658  lcd.print(String(v));
659  lcd.setCursor(col, 3);
660  lcd.print("    ");
661  lcd.setCursor(col, 3);
662  lcd.print(String(mA));
663}

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#include <EEPROM.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(7,6,4,5,3,2);       // (RS,E,D4,D5,D6,D7)

// Constants
/////////////////////////////////////////
int maxPower                  = 30;    // Maximal charging power. 30 = 300mA, 1 = 10mA
int discharging_mVolt         = 950;   // Volt (milli volt) value where the discharging will stop.  900 = 900mV
float correctionCharging1     = -0.15; // Correction (Volt). 0.15 = 0.15V
float correctionCharging2     = -0.15; // 
float correctionDischarging1  = 0.05;  //
float correctionDischarging2  = 0.05;  //
/////////////////////////////////////////

boolean mainMenuIsDisplayed    = true;
boolean chargingIsDisplayed    = false;
boolean disChargingIsDisplayed = false;
boolean powerIsDisplayed       = false;
boolean timeIsDisplayed        = false;
boolean modeIsDisplayed        = false;
boolean changeVoltIsDisplayed  = false;

int upButton    = 12;
int downButton  = 19;
int enterButton =  8;
int resetPin    = 11;
int relay1Pin   = 13;
int relay2Pin   = 18;
int PWM1Pin     = 10;
int PWM2Pin     =  9;
int volt1_1Pin  = 14;
int volt1_2Pin  = 21;
int volt2_1Pin  = 15;
int volt2_2Pin  = 20;

int hours = EEPROM.read(0);
int power = EEPROM.read(1);
float maxVolt = EEPROM.read(3);

int cursorPosition = 1;

byte selectArrow[8] = {
  0b11000,
  0b11100,
  0b11110,
  0b11111,
  0b11111,
  0b11110,
  0b11100,
  0b11000
};

void setup(){
  pinMode(downButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(upButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(enterButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(relay1Pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(relay2Pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(PWM1Pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(PWM2Pin, OUTPUT);

  // 7.8kHz 10 bit
  TCCR1A = 0b00000011;
  TCCR1B = 0b00000001;
  //Serial.begin(115200);
  lcd.begin(20, 4); //  Initialize the display, (columns, rows)
    
  lcd.createChar(0, selectArrow);
  drawMenu();
}

void loop(){
  if (digitalRead(upButton) == 0){
    upPressed();
    delay(300);
  }
  if (digitalRead(downButton) == 0){
    downPressed();
    delay(300);
  }
  if (digitalRead(enterButton) == 0){
    enterPressed();
    delay(300);
  }
}

void charging(){
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.setCursor(6, 0);
  lcd.print("Accu 1");
  lcd.setCursor(14, 0);
  lcd.print("Accu 2");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("V:");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("mA:");

  uint32_t sec; 
  int timeHours = 0;
  int timeMins;
  String minsZero;

  boolean RUN              = true;
  boolean accu1Finished    = false;
  boolean accu2Finished    = false;
  boolean accu1IsPluggedIn = false;
  boolean accu2IsPluggedIn = false;

  int PWM1 = 300;
  int PWM2 = 300;
  int power = EEPROM.read(1);
  power *= 10;
  analogWrite(PWM1Pin, PWM1);
  analogWrite(PWM2Pin, PWM2);

  while (RUN){
    sec = millis() / 1000ul;
    timeHours = (sec / 3600ul);
    timeMins = (sec % 3600ul) / 60ul;

    float mV1_1 = analogRead(volt1_1Pin);
    float mV1_2 = analogRead(volt1_2Pin);

    float mV2_1 = analogRead(volt2_1Pin);
    float mV2_2 = analogRead(volt2_2Pin);

    mV1_1 = mV1_1 * 5000 / 1023;
    mV1_2 = mV1_2 * 5000 / 1023;

    mV2_1 = mV2_1 * 5000 / 1023;
    mV2_2 = mV2_2 * 5000 / 1023;

    float voltAccu1 = ((5000 - mV1_1) / 1000) + correctionCharging1;
    float voltAccu2 = ((5000 - mV2_1) / 1000) + correctionCharging2;

    int mAmpere1 = (mV1_1 - mV1_2) / 5;
    int mAmpere2 = (mV2_1 - mV2_2) / 5;

    if (mV1_1 < 50){
      accu1IsPluggedIn = false;
      PWM1 = 0;
      showNoAccu(6);
    } else {
      accu1IsPluggedIn = true;
    }
    
    if (mV2_1 < 50){
      accu2IsPluggedIn = false;
      PWM2 = 0;
      showNoAccu(14);
    } else {
      accu2IsPluggedIn = true;
    }

    if (!accu1Finished && accu1IsPluggedIn){
      if (power != mAmpere1){
        if (mAmpere1 < 5){
          PWM1 += 100;
        } else if (power - mAmpere1 >= 40){
          PWM1 += 20;
        }
        if (mAmpere1 < power){
          PWM1++;
        } else {
          PWM1--;
        }
      }
    }

    if (!accu2Finished && accu2IsPluggedIn){
      if (power != mAmpere2){
        if (mAmpere2 < 5){
          PWM2 += 100;
        } else if (power - mAmpere2 >= 40){
          PWM2 += 20;
        }
        if (mAmpere2 < power){
          PWM2++;
        } else {
          PWM2--;
        }
      }
    }

    analogWrite(PWM1Pin, PWM1);
    analogWrite(PWM2Pin, PWM2);

    if (!accu1Finished && accu1IsPluggedIn){
      showChargingData(6, voltAccu1, mAmpere1);
    }

    if (!accu2Finished && accu2IsPluggedIn){
      showChargingData(14, voltAccu2, mAmpere2);
    }

    // auto
    if (EEPROM.read(2) == 0){
      if (voltAccu1 >= maxVolt / 100 && accu1IsPluggedIn){
        accu1Finished = true;
        PWM1 = 0;
        analogWrite(PWM1Pin, PWM1);
        lcd.setCursor(6, 2);
        lcd.print("Done");
      }
      if (voltAccu2 >= maxVolt / 100 && accu2IsPluggedIn){
        accu2Finished = true;
        PWM2 = 0;
        analogWrite(PWM2Pin, PWM2);
        lcd.setCursor(14, 2);
        lcd.print("Done");
      }
      if ((accu1Finished || !accu1IsPluggedIn) && (accu2Finished || !accu2IsPluggedIn)){
        RUN = false;
        lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
        lcd.print("Press enter to exit");
      }
    } else { // manually
      lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
      lcd.print("     ");
      if (timeMins < 10){
        minsZero = "0";
      } else {
        minsZero = "";
      }
      lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
      lcd.print(String(timeHours) + ":" + minsZero + String(timeMins));
      if (timeHours >= hours){
        accu1Finished = true;
        accu2Finished = true;
        lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
        lcd.print("   ");
        lcd.setCursor(6, 2);
        lcd.print("Done");
        lcd.setCursor(14, 2);
        lcd.print("Done");
        lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
        lcd.print("Press enter to exit");
        PWM1 = 0;
        PWM2 = 0;
        analogWrite(PWM1Pin, PWM1);
        analogWrite(PWM2Pin, PWM2);
        RUN = false;
      } else if (!accu1IsPluggedIn && !accu2IsPluggedIn){
        showNoAccu(6);
        showNoAccu(14);
        lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
        lcd.print("Press enter to exit");
        PWM1 = 0;
        PWM2 = 0;
        analogWrite(PWM1Pin, PWM1);
        analogWrite(PWM2Pin, PWM2);
        RUN = false;
      }
    }
    delay(2000);
  }
  for(;;){
    if (digitalRead(enterButton) == 0){
      pinMode(resetPin, OUTPUT);
      digitalWrite(resetPin, LOW);
    }
    delay(50);
  }
}

void discharge(){
  boolean discharging1Finished = false;
  boolean discharging2Finished = false;
  boolean accu1IsPluggedIn = false;
  boolean accu2IsPluggedIn = false;
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.setCursor(6, 0);
  lcd.print("Accu 1");
  lcd.setCursor(14, 0);
  lcd.print("Accu 2");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("mAh:");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("V:");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
  lcd.print("mA:");

  digitalWrite(relay1Pin, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(relay2Pin, HIGH);
  delay(500);
  float mAh1 = 0;
  float mAh2 = 0;
  for (;;){
    // first accu
    float mV1_2 = analogRead(volt1_2Pin);
    mV1_2 = (mV1_2 * 5000) / 1023;
    mV1_2 += correctionDischarging1 * 1000;

    if (mV1_2 <= 100 && !discharging1Finished){
      accu1IsPluggedIn = false;
      showNoAccu(6);
    } else {
      accu1IsPluggedIn = true;
    }

    if (!discharging1Finished && accu1IsPluggedIn){
      float mAmpere1 = mV1_2 / 5; // 5Ω
      mAh1 += mAmpere1 * 0.0027777778;
      
      float V1_2 = mV1_2 / 1000;
      
      showDischargingData(6, int(mAh1), V1_2, int(mAmpere1));

      if (mV1_2 < discharging_mVolt && mV1_2 > 100){
        discharging1Finished = true;
        digitalWrite(relay1Pin, LOW);
        lcd.setCursor(6, 2);
        lcd.print("Done");
        lcd.setCursor(6, 3);
        lcd.print("    ");
      }
    }

    // second accu
    float mV2_2 = analogRead(volt2_2Pin);
    mV2_2 = (mV2_2 * 5000) / 1023;
    mV2_2 += correctionDischarging2 * 1000;
    
    if (mV2_2 <= 100 && !discharging2Finished){
      accu2IsPluggedIn = false;
      showNoAccu(14);
    } else {
      accu2IsPluggedIn = true;
    }

    if (!discharging2Finished && accu2IsPluggedIn){
      float mAmpere2 = mV2_2 / 5; // 5Ω
      mAh2 += mAmpere2 * 0.0027777778;
      float V2_2 = mV2_2 / 1000;

      showDischargingData(14, int(mAh2), V2_2, int(mAmpere2));
      
      if (mV2_2 < discharging_mVolt && mV2_2 > 100){
        discharging2Finished = true;
        digitalWrite(relay2Pin, LOW);
        lcd.setCursor(14, 2);
        lcd.print("Done");
        lcd.setCursor(14, 3);
        lcd.print("    ");
      }
    }

    if ((discharging1Finished || !accu1IsPluggedIn) && (discharging2Finished || !accu2IsPluggedIn)){
      lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
      lcd.print("    ");
      lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
      lcd.print("  ");
      lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
      lcd.print("   ");
      lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
      lcd.print("Press enter to exit");
      digitalWrite(relay1Pin, LOW);
      digitalWrite(relay2Pin, LOW);
      for (;;){
        if (digitalRead(enterButton) == 0){
          pinMode(resetPin, OUTPUT);
          digitalWrite(resetPin, LOW);
        }
        delay(50);
      }
    }
    delay(10000);
  }
}

void drawMenu(){
  mainMenuIsDisplayed = true;
  lcd.clear();
  
  drawCursor();
  
  lcd.setCursor(1, 0);
  lcd.print("Charge");
  lcd.setCursor(1, 1);
  lcd.print("Discharge");
  lcd.setCursor(1, 2);
  lcd.print("Power");
  lcd.setCursor(7, 2);
  lcd.print(String(power) + "0" + "mA");
  lcd.setCursor(1, 3);
  lcd.print("Time");
  lcd.setCursor(7, 3);
  lcd.print(String(hours) + "h");
  String showMode;
  if (EEPROM.read(2) == 0){
    showMode = "Auto";
  } else {
    showMode = "Manu";
  }
  lcd.setCursor(11, 0);
  lcd.print("Mode:" + showMode);
}

void drawCursor(){
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print(" ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print(" ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print(" ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
  lcd.print(" ");
  lcd.setCursor(10, 0);
  lcd.print(" ");
  
  if (cursorPosition == 1){
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.write(byte(0));
  } else if (cursorPosition == 2){
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.write(byte(0));
  } else if (cursorPosition == 3){
    lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
    lcd.write(byte(0));
  } else if (cursorPosition == 4){
    lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
    lcd.write(byte(0));
  } else if (cursorPosition == 5){
    lcd.setCursor(10, 0);
    lcd.write(byte(0));
  }
}

void upPressed(){
  if (mainMenuIsDisplayed){
    if (cursorPosition == 1){
    cursorPosition = 5;
    } else {
    cursorPosition--;
    }
    drawCursor();
  }

  if (timeIsDisplayed){
    if (hours < 99){
      hours++;
    }
    changeTime();
  }

  if (powerIsDisplayed){
    if (power < maxPower){
      power++;
    }
    changePower();
  }
  
  if (modeIsDisplayed){
    if(cursorPosition == 1){
      cursorPosition++;
      lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
      lcd.print(" ");
      lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
      lcd.write(byte(0));
    } else {
      cursorPosition--;
      lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
      lcd.print(" ");
      lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
      lcd.write(byte(0));
    }
  }

  if (changeVoltIsDisplayed){
    if (maxVolt < 200){
      maxVolt++;
      lcd.setCursor(10, 0);
      maxVolt /= 100;
      lcd.print(String(maxVolt) + "V");
      maxVolt *= 100;
    }
  }
}

void downPressed(){
  if (mainMenuIsDisplayed){
    if (cursorPosition == 5){
      cursorPosition = 1;
    } else {
      cursorPosition++;
    }
    drawCursor();
  }

  if (timeIsDisplayed){
    if (hours > 1){
      hours--;
    }
    changeTime();
  }

  if (powerIsDisplayed){
    if (power > 1){
      power--;
    }
    changePower();
  }

  if (modeIsDisplayed){
    if(cursorPosition == 1){
      cursorPosition++;
      lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
      lcd.print(" ");
      lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
      lcd.write(byte(0));
    } else {
      cursorPosition--;
      lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
      lcd.print(" ");
      lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
      lcd.write(byte(0));
    }
  }

  if (changeVoltIsDisplayed){
    if (maxVolt > 100){
      //Serial.print("1:");
      //Serial.println(maxVolt);
      maxVolt--;
      //Serial.println("2:");
      //Serial.println(maxVolt);
      lcd.setCursor(10, 0);
      maxVolt /= 100;
      lcd.print(String(maxVolt) + "V");
      maxVolt *= 100;
    }
  }
}


void enterPressed(){
  if (powerIsDisplayed){
    powerIsDisplayed = false;
    drawMenu();
    EEPROM.write(1, power);
  } else if (changeVoltIsDisplayed){
    changeVoltIsDisplayed = false;
    EEPROM.write(3, maxVolt);
    drawMenu();
  } else if (timeIsDisplayed){
    timeIsDisplayed = false;
    drawMenu();
    EEPROM.write(0, hours);
  } else if (modeIsDisplayed){
    if(cursorPosition == 1){
      modeIsDisplayed = false;
      changeVoltIsDisplayed = true;
      EEPROM.write(2, 0);
      lcd.clear();
      showInfo();
      lcd.setCursor(0,0);
      float maxVolt = EEPROM.read(3);
      maxVolt /= 100;
      lcd.print("charge to " + String(maxVolt) + "V");
      maxVolt *= 100;
    } else if (cursorPosition == 2){
      EEPROM.write(2, 1);
      modeIsDisplayed = false;
      cursorPosition = 1;
      drawMenu();
    }
  } else if (mainMenuIsDisplayed){
    if (cursorPosition == 1){
      charging();
      chargingIsDisplayed = true;
    } else if(cursorPosition == 2){
      discharge();
      disChargingIsDisplayed = true;
    } else if(cursorPosition == 3){
      changePower();
      powerIsDisplayed = true;
    } else if(cursorPosition == 4){
      changeTime();
      timeIsDisplayed = true;
    } else if(cursorPosition == 5){
      changeMode();
      modeIsDisplayed = true;
    }
    mainMenuIsDisplayed = false;
  }
  delay(300);
}

void changeTime(){
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("Charging " + String(hours) + " hours");
  showInfo();
}

void changePower(){
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("Charging " + String(power) + "0" " mA");
  showInfo();
}

void changeMode(){
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("Charging mode:");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.write(byte(0));
  cursorPosition = 1;
  maxVolt /= 100;
  String autoText = "Auto stop at " + String(maxVolt) + "V";
  maxVolt *= 100;
  lcd.setCursor(1, 1);
  lcd.print(autoText);
  lcd.setCursor(1, 2);
  lcd.print("Manually");
}

void showInfo(){
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("Up = add");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
  lcd.print("Down = reduce");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
  lcd.print("Enter = save & exit");
}

void showNoAccu(int col){
  lcd.setCursor(col, 1);
  lcd.print("    ");
  lcd.setCursor(col, 1);
  lcd.print("No");
  lcd.setCursor(col, 2);
  lcd.print("accu");
  lcd.setCursor(col, 3);
  lcd.print("    ");
}

void showChargingData(int col, float v, int mA){
  lcd.setCursor(col, 1);
  lcd.print("    ");
  lcd.setCursor(col, 1);
  lcd.print(String(v));
  lcd.setCursor(col, 2);
  lcd.print("    ");
  lcd.setCursor(col, 2);
  lcd.print(String(mA));
}

void showDischargingData(int col, int mAh, float v, int mA){
  lcd.setCursor(col, 1);
  lcd.print("    ");
  lcd.setCursor(col, 1);
  lcd.print(String(mAh));
  lcd.setCursor(col, 2);
  lcd.print("    ");
  lcd.setCursor(col, 2);
  lcd.print(String(v));
  lcd.setCursor(col, 3);
  lcd.print("    ");
  lcd.setCursor(col, 3);
  lcd.print(String(mA));
}

Downloadable files

Circuit

Here is the circuit for the charger.

circuit.png

Documentation

User manual:

User_manual.pdf

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