A Tiny Logic Probe TTL / CMOS with Battery Charger

Using an ATtiny1614 microcontroller with LiPo battery, including USB charging circuitry and logic. It is programmable with Arduino IDE!

Mar 23, 2021

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debugging tools

data collection

monitoring

Components and supplies

ATtiny 1614 Processor

Arduino Nano R3

Project description

Code

LogicProbe code

arduino

1/*
2  This sketch acts as a logic level tester, by Marco Zonca, 10/2020
3  ATTINY 1614 as MPU, a button to switch TTL/CMOS (max 10v), 3 x LEDs and a few  resistors, etc.;
4 
5  // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6  //  TTL levels : undefined=yellow >0.8v <= 2.0v  low=blue <= 0.8v  high=red >  2.0v                                     
7  //  CMOS levels: undefined=yellow  >1.5v <= 3.5v  low=blue <= 1.5v  high=red > 3.5v
8  // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9    
10  As a further step I added a small 300mA/h LiPo battery, code and circuitry  to provide charging
11  functionality: SMD micro relay, NPN BC337, 1N4148 diod  and a few more resistors; for
12  the two couples of 10k resistors as voltage dividers  try to select them with similar values as possibile
13  or you have to apply some  +- % of arbitrary correction to the voltage calculation (i.e. VProbe=(n1...))
14  for every one of them; it is another voltage divider, on probe input, 10k and  5k ohm values.
15
16  Charging values: 
17  -----------------s
18  CBatt = 0.3  (battery power in A/h)
19  VResis = 15.5 (resistor value in series between PowerSource  and Battery, in ohm
20               please measure the exact resistor value and  put it here and below there)
21  ICirc = 0.05 (estimated maximum current consumption  of the circuit without battery charging)
22
23  VPower = 5.0 (charging PowerSource  voltage from USB) not a constant, it will change in reading
24  VMinPower = 4.6  (minimum voltage from USB to charge battery)
25  VBmin = 3.2 (absolute minimum  voltage)
26  VBWmin = 3.4 (working minimum voltage)
27  VMax = 4.2 (absolute maximum  voltage)
28  VBchgd = 4.0 (battery voltage, or more, to consider it already charged  at power-on)
29  ETFact = 1.5 (estimated time of charging factor)
30  OvTiFact  = 1.2 (overtime of charging factor, in addition to ETFact)
31  VInitBatt = initial  battery voltage, after power-on of just after charged or at start of charging
32  VBatt = actual battery voltage
33  IBatt = (( VPower - VBatt ) / VResis) - ICirc  (charging current; 0.066A at 0%, 0.034A at 50%, 0.002A at 100%)
34  IBattAvg =  (( VPower - ((VMax+VBmin)/2) ) / VResis) - ICirc = 0.034A (average charging current)
35  SoC = 100 - (( VMax - VBatt ) * 100) (state of charge in %)
36  TFull = ( CBatt  / IBattAvg ) * 60 = 529 minutes (time of charging at average current and battery  at VBmin)
37  TMaxChg = TFull * ( VMax - VInitBatt ) * ETFact (estimated maximum  time of charging considering initial voltage state, in minutes)
38  TChg = ( TFull  * (VMax - VBatt)) * ETFact  (restimated remaining time of charging in minutes)
39  ChTimeStart = time elapsed as minutes from power-up
40  ChTimeEnd = time end  of charging as minute from power-up
41  ChTimeNow = time as minutes from power-up
42*/
43
44//  #include <SoftwareSerial.h>  // can be uncommented for isDEBUG=true and Serial Monitor
45
46//  ports in/out
47const int ledBluePin = 0;  // pa4, on=LOW lovel (logic 0)
48const  int ledYellowPin = 6;  // pb1, on=UNDEFINED level in between 0 and 1
49const int  ledRedPin = 8;  // pa1, on=HIGH level (logic 1)
50const int RelayPin = 2;  // pa6,  set on (close) or off (open) the relay, due the contact is normally open
51const  int ProbePin = 10;  // pa3, analog input, logic level will be tested here
52const  int ButtonPin = 9;  // pa2, open/released=TTL closed/pressed=CMOS 
53const int  VBattPin = 7;  // pb0, analog input, battery voltage is tested here
54const int  VRawPin = 1;  // pa5, analog input, USB power source voltage is tested here
55
56//  Charging constant Values, see notes above
57const float CBatt = 0.300;  // put  the battery power A/h
58const float VResis = 15.5;  // put the exact resistor value
59const  float ICirc = 0.05;  // put the maximum circuit consumption
60const float VMinPower  = 4.6;
61const float VBmin = 3.2;
62const float VBWmin = 3.4;
63const float VMax  = 4.2;
64const float VBchgd = 4.0;
65const float ETFact = 1.5;
66const float  OvTiFact = 1.2;
67float VPower = 5.0;  // it will change with read value
68float  IBattAvg = ((VPower - ((VMax+VBmin)/2) ) / VResis) - ICirc;
69float TFull = ( CBatt  / IBattAvg ) * 60;
70
71const boolean IsDEBUG = false;  // set this to 'true'  for Serial Monitor
72
73const int CLOSE = HIGH;
74const int OPEN = LOW;
75const  float MillisReadVoltages = 2000;
76const float MillisCheckCharge = 4000;
77const  float MillisDebug = 10000;
78
79// Charging variable Values, see notes above
80float  VInitBatt = 0;
81float VBatt = 0;
82float IBatt = 0;
83float SoC = 0;
84float  TMaxChg = 0;
85float TChg = 0;
86float VRaw = 0;
87double ChTimeStart = 0;
88double  ChTimeEnd = 0;
89double ChTimeNow = 0;
90bool IsOverTime = false;
91bool IsCharging  = false;
92
93float prevMillisReadVoltages = 0;
94float prevMillisCheckCharge  = 0;
95float prevMillisDebug = 0;
96bool isCMOS=false;
97float n=0;
98float  n1=0;
99float VProbe=0;
100byte Status=0;  // 0=0 1=1 2=undefined
101byte prevStatus=9;  // 0=0 1=1 2=undefined (previous) [value=9 is just for first loop run]
102
103void  setup() {
104  if (IsDEBUG) Serial.begin(9600);
105  pinMode(ledBluePin, OUTPUT);
106  pinMode(ledYellowPin, OUTPUT);
107  pinMode(ledRedPin, OUTPUT);
108  pinMode(RelayPin,  OUTPUT);
109  pinMode(ButtonPin, INPUT);
110  pinMode(ProbePin, INPUT);
111  pinMode(VBattPin,  INPUT);
112  pinMode(VRawPin, INPUT);
113  digitalWrite(RelayPin,OPEN);  // disconnects  power from battery
114  digitalWrite(ledBluePin,HIGH);  // LEDs test show
115  delay(150);
116  digitalWrite(ledBluePin,LOW);
117  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin,HIGH);
118  delay(150);
119  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin,LOW);
120  digitalWrite(ledRedPin,HIGH);
121  delay(150);
122  digitalWrite(ledRedPin,LOW);
123}  // setup()
124
125void loop() {
126  readProbe();
127  display();
128  if ((prevMillisReadVoltages+MillisReadVoltages) < millis()) readVoltages();
129  if ((prevMillisCheckCharge+MillisCheckCharge) < millis()) checkCharge();
130  if  (((prevMillisDebug+MillisDebug) < millis()) && (IsDEBUG)) printDebugging();
131}  // loop()
132
133void display() {
134  digitalWrite(ledBluePin,LOW);
135  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin,LOW);
136  digitalWrite(ledRedPin,LOW);
137  if (VPower > 0) {  // -------------------------  with USB power
138    if (IsCharging==true) {
139      if (IsOverTime==false) {
140        if (SoC <= 20) blink_red();
141        if (SoC > 20 && SoC <=40) blink_red_yellow();
142        if (SoC > 40 && SoC <=60) blink_yellow();
143        if (SoC > 60 && SoC  <=80) blink_yellow_blue();
144        if (SoC > 80 && SoC <=90) blink_blue();
145        if (SoC > 90) blink_slowblue();
146      } else {
147        blink_quickyellow();  //overtime warning
148      }
149    } else {
150      blink_quickblue();  //battery  already charged
151    }
152  } else {
153    switch (Status) {  // -----------------------  with battery, normal probing operation
154      case 0:
155        digitalWrite(ledBluePin,  HIGH);
156      break;
157      case 1:
158        digitalWrite(ledRedPin, HIGH);
159      break;
160      case 2:
161        digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, HIGH);
162      break;
163    }
164    prevStatus=Status;
165  }
166}  // display()
167
168
169void readVoltages()  {
170  n=analogRead(VRawPin);
171  if (n > 0) {
172    n1=(((6.60 * n) / 1023.00));  // 6.60 = 3.30 x 2 (voltage divider /2 in input)
173    VRaw=(n1 + ((n1 * 0.0)  /100));  // arbitrary correction (not active, +-0.0%)
174  } else {
175    VRaw=0;
176  }
177  VPower=VRaw;
178  n=analogRead(VBattPin);
179  if (n > 0) {
180    n1=(((6.60  * n) / 1023.00));  // 6.60 = 3.30 x 2 (voltage divider /2 in input)
181    VBatt=(n1  + ((n1 * 0.0) /100));  // arbitrary correction (not active, +-0.0%)
182  } else  {
183    VBatt=0;
184  }
185  if (VInitBatt==0) VInitBatt=VBatt;  // initial battery  voltage, at power-on
186  prevMillisReadVoltages=millis();
187}  // readVoltages()
188
189
190void  checkCharge() {
191  if ((IsCharging == false) && (VPower >= VMinPower) && (VBatt  < VBchgd)) {
192    ChTimeStart=int((millis()/1000)/60);  // start charging, elapsed  time as minutes from power-up
193    digitalWrite(RelayPin,CLOSE);  // connets power  to battery
194    VInitBatt=VBatt;  // initial charging battery voltage
195    IsOverTime=false;
196    IsCharging=true;
197  }
198  if ((IsCharging == true) && ((VPower < VMinPower)  || (VBatt >= VMax))) {
199    ChTimeEnd=int((millis()/1000)/60);  // end charging,  elapsed time as minutes from power-up
200    digitalWrite(RelayPin,OPEN);  // disconnects  power from battery
201    VInitBatt=VBatt;  // battery voltage, just after charging  is finished
202    IsCharging=false;
203  }
204  IBatt = ((VPower - VBatt) / VResis)  - ICirc; // charging current; 0.066A at 0%, 0.034A at 50%, 0.002A at 100%
205  IBattAvg  = ((VPower - ((VMax+VBmin)/2) ) / VResis) - ICirc; // 0.034A average charging current
206  SoC = 100 - ((VMax - VBatt) * 100); // state of charge in %
207  TFull = (CBatt  / IBattAvg) * 60;  // 529 minutes, time of charging at average current and battery  at VBmin
208  TMaxChg = TFull * (VMax - VInitBatt) * ETFact * OvTiFact; // estimated  maximum time of charging considering initial voltage state, in minutes
209  TChg  = (TFull * (VMax - VBatt)) * ETFact;  //  estimated remaining time of charging in  minutes
210  ChTimeNow=int((millis()/1000)/60);  // now time as minutes from power-up
211  if ((ChTimeNow-ChTimeStart) > TMaxChg) IsOverTime=true;
212  prevMillisCheckCharge=millis();
213}  // checkCharge()
214
215
216void readProbe() {
217  if (digitalRead(ButtonPin)  == LOW) {
218    isCMOS=true;
219  } else {
220    isCMOS=false;
221  }
222  n =  analogRead(ProbePin);
223  if (n > 0) {
224    n1=(((9.90 * n) / 1023.00));  //  9.90 = 3.30 x 3 (voltage divider /3 in input)
225    VProbe=(n1 + ((n1 * 0.0) /100));  // arbitrary correction (not active, +-0.0%)
226  } else {
227    VProbe=0;
228  }
229  if (isCMOS==false) {  // TTL case
230    if (VProbe <= 0.8) {
231      Status=0;
232    }
233    if (VProbe > 0.8 && VProbe <= 2.0) {
234      Status=2;
235    }
236    if (VProbe > 2.0) {
237      Status=1;
238    }
239  }
240  if (isCMOS==true)  {  // CMOS case
241    if (VProbe <= 1.5) {
242      Status=0;
243    }
244    if  (VProbe > 1.5 && VProbe <= 3.5) {
245      Status=2;
246    }
247    if (VProbe  > 3.5) {
248      Status=1;
249    }
250  }  
251}  // readProbe()
252
253void blink_red()  {
254  delay(500);
255  digitalWrite(ledRedPin, HIGH);
256}
257void blink_blue()  {
258  delay(500);
259  digitalWrite(ledBluePin, HIGH);
260  delay(500);
261}
262void  blink_yellow() {
263  delay(500);
264  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, HIGH);
265  delay(500);
266}
267void  blink_red_yellow() {
268  delay(500);
269  digitalWrite(ledRedPin, HIGH);
270  delay(500);
271  digitalWrite(ledRedPin, LOW);
272  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, HIGH);
273  delay(500);
274}
275void  blink_yellow_blue() {
276  delay(500);
277  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, HIGH);
278  delay(500);
279  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, LOW);
280  digitalWrite(ledBluePin,  HIGH);
281  delay(500);
282}
283void blink_slowblue() {
284  delay(1000);
285  digitalWrite(ledBluePin,  HIGH);
286  delay(2000);
287}
288void blink_quickyellow() {
289  delay(100);
290  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, HIGH);
291  delay(100);
292}
293void blink_quickblue()  {
294  delay(100);
295  digitalWrite(ledBluePin, HIGH);
296  delay(100);
297}
298void  printDebugging() {
299  Serial.println("----------------------------------------------");
300  if (IsCharging) {
301    Serial.print("IsCharging=");
302    Serial.println(IsCharging);    
303    Serial.print("VRaw (VPower)=");
304    Serial.println(VRaw);
305    Serial.print("VInitBatt=");
306    Serial.println(VInitBatt);
307    Serial.print("VBatt=");
308    Serial.println(VBatt);
309    Serial.print("IBatt=");
310    Serial.println(IBatt); 
311    Serial.print("IBattAvg=");
312    Serial.println(IBattAvg); 
313    Serial.print("SoC%=");
314    Serial.println(SoC);  
315    Serial.print("TFull=");
316    Serial.println(TFull); 
317    Serial.print("TMaxChg  max minutes, more is OverTime=");
318    Serial.println(TMaxChg); 
319    Serial.print("TChg  remaining minutes=");
320    Serial.println(TChg); 
321    Serial.print("ChTimeStart=");
322    Serial.println(ChTimeStart);    
323    Serial.print("TimeNow=");
324    Serial.println(ChTimeNow);  
325    Serial.print("IsOverTime=");
326    Serial.println(IsOverTime);    
327    Serial.print("VProbe=");
328    Serial.println(VProbe); 
329   } else {
330    Serial.print("IsCharging=");
331    Serial.println(IsCharging);    
332    Serial.print("VRaw  (VPower)=");
333    Serial.println(VRaw);
334    Serial.print("VInitBatt=");
335    Serial.println(VInitBatt);
336    Serial.print("VBatt=");
337    Serial.println(VBatt);
338    Serial.print("SoC%=");
339    Serial.println(SoC); 
340    Serial.print("ChTimeStart=");
341    Serial.println(ChTimeStart);    
342    Serial.print("ChTimeEnd=");
343    Serial.println(ChTimeEnd);    
344    Serial.print("TimeNow=");
345    Serial.println(ChTimeNow);
346    Serial.print("Millis()=  ");
347    Serial.println(millis());  
348    Serial.print("VProbe=");
349    Serial.println(VProbe);  
350  }
351  prevMillisDebug=millis();
352}  // printDebugging()
353

/*
  This sketch acts as a logic level tester, by Marco Zonca, 10/2020
  ATTINY 1614 as MPU, a button to switch TTL/CMOS (max 10v), 3 x LEDs and a few  resistors, etc.;
 
  // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  //  TTL levels : undefined=yellow >0.8v <= 2.0v  low=blue <= 0.8v  high=red >  2.0v                                     
  //  CMOS levels: undefined=yellow  >1.5v <= 3.5v  low=blue <= 1.5v  high=red > 3.5v
  // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
  As a further step I added a small 300mA/h LiPo battery, code and circuitry  to provide charging
  functionality: SMD micro relay, NPN BC337, 1N4148 diod  and a few more resistors; for
  the two couples of 10k resistors as voltage dividers  try to select them with similar values as possibile
  or you have to apply some  +- % of arbitrary correction to the voltage calculation (i.e. VProbe=(n1...))
  for every one of them; it is another voltage divider, on probe input, 10k and  5k ohm values.

  Charging values: 
  -----------------s
  CBatt = 0.3  (battery power in A/h)
  VResis = 15.5 (resistor value in series between PowerSource  and Battery, in ohm
               please measure the exact resistor value and  put it here and below there)
  ICirc = 0.05 (estimated maximum current consumption  of the circuit without battery charging)

  VPower = 5.0 (charging PowerSource  voltage from USB) not a constant, it will change in reading
  VMinPower = 4.6  (minimum voltage from USB to charge battery)
  VBmin = 3.2 (absolute minimum  voltage)
  VBWmin = 3.4 (working minimum voltage)
  VMax = 4.2 (absolute maximum  voltage)
  VBchgd = 4.0 (battery voltage, or more, to consider it already charged  at power-on)
  ETFact = 1.5 (estimated time of charging factor)
  OvTiFact  = 1.2 (overtime of charging factor, in addition to ETFact)
  VInitBatt = initial  battery voltage, after power-on of just after charged or at start of charging
  VBatt = actual battery voltage
  IBatt = (( VPower - VBatt ) / VResis) - ICirc  (charging current; 0.066A at 0%, 0.034A at 50%, 0.002A at 100%)
  IBattAvg =  (( VPower - ((VMax+VBmin)/2) ) / VResis) - ICirc = 0.034A (average charging current)
  SoC = 100 - (( VMax - VBatt ) * 100) (state of charge in %)
  TFull = ( CBatt  / IBattAvg ) * 60 = 529 minutes (time of charging at average current and battery  at VBmin)
  TMaxChg = TFull * ( VMax - VInitBatt ) * ETFact (estimated maximum  time of charging considering initial voltage state, in minutes)
  TChg = ( TFull  * (VMax - VBatt)) * ETFact  (restimated remaining time of charging in minutes)
  ChTimeStart = time elapsed as minutes from power-up
  ChTimeEnd = time end  of charging as minute from power-up
  ChTimeNow = time as minutes from power-up
*/

//  #include <SoftwareSerial.h>  // can be uncommented for isDEBUG=true and Serial Monitor

//  ports in/out
const int ledBluePin = 0;  // pa4, on=LOW lovel (logic 0)
const  int ledYellowPin = 6;  // pb1, on=UNDEFINED level in between 0 and 1
const int  ledRedPin = 8;  // pa1, on=HIGH level (logic 1)
const int RelayPin = 2;  // pa6,  set on (close) or off (open) the relay, due the contact is normally open
const  int ProbePin = 10;  // pa3, analog input, logic level will be tested here
const  int ButtonPin = 9;  // pa2, open/released=TTL closed/pressed=CMOS 
const int  VBattPin = 7;  // pb0, analog input, battery voltage is tested here
const int  VRawPin = 1;  // pa5, analog input, USB power source voltage is tested here

//  Charging constant Values, see notes above
const float CBatt = 0.300;  // put  the battery power A/h
const float VResis = 15.5;  // put the exact resistor value
const  float ICirc = 0.05;  // put the maximum circuit consumption
const float VMinPower  = 4.6;
const float VBmin = 3.2;
const float VBWmin = 3.4;
const float VMax  = 4.2;
const float VBchgd = 4.0;
const float ETFact = 1.5;
const float  OvTiFact = 1.2;
float VPower = 5.0;  // it will change with read value
float  IBattAvg = ((VPower - ((VMax+VBmin)/2) ) / VResis) - ICirc;
float TFull = ( CBatt  / IBattAvg ) * 60;

const boolean IsDEBUG = false;  // set this to 'true'  for Serial Monitor

const int CLOSE = HIGH;
const int OPEN = LOW;
const  float MillisReadVoltages = 2000;
const float MillisCheckCharge = 4000;
const  float MillisDebug = 10000;

// Charging variable Values, see notes above
float  VInitBatt = 0;
float VBatt = 0;
float IBatt = 0;
float SoC = 0;
float  TMaxChg = 0;
float TChg = 0;
float VRaw = 0;
double ChTimeStart = 0;
double  ChTimeEnd = 0;
double ChTimeNow = 0;
bool IsOverTime = false;
bool IsCharging  = false;

float prevMillisReadVoltages = 0;
float prevMillisCheckCharge  = 0;
float prevMillisDebug = 0;
bool isCMOS=false;
float n=0;
float  n1=0;
float VProbe=0;
byte Status=0;  // 0=0 1=1 2=undefined
byte prevStatus=9;  // 0=0 1=1 2=undefined (previous) [value=9 is just for first loop run]

void  setup() {
  if (IsDEBUG) Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(ledBluePin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ledYellowPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ledRedPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(RelayPin,  OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ButtonPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(ProbePin, INPUT);
  pinMode(VBattPin,  INPUT);
  pinMode(VRawPin, INPUT);
  digitalWrite(RelayPin,OPEN);  // disconnects  power from battery
  digitalWrite(ledBluePin,HIGH);  // LEDs test show
  delay(150);
  digitalWrite(ledBluePin,LOW);
  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin,HIGH);
  delay(150);
  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin,LOW);
  digitalWrite(ledRedPin,HIGH);
  delay(150);
  digitalWrite(ledRedPin,LOW);
}  // setup()

void loop() {
  readProbe();
  display();
  if ((prevMillisReadVoltages+MillisReadVoltages) < millis()) readVoltages();
  if ((prevMillisCheckCharge+MillisCheckCharge) < millis()) checkCharge();
  if  (((prevMillisDebug+MillisDebug) < millis()) && (IsDEBUG)) printDebugging();
}  // loop()

void display() {
  digitalWrite(ledBluePin,LOW);
  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin,LOW);
  digitalWrite(ledRedPin,LOW);
  if (VPower > 0) {  // -------------------------  with USB power
    if (IsCharging==true) {
      if (IsOverTime==false) {
        if (SoC <= 20) blink_red();
        if (SoC > 20 && SoC <=40) blink_red_yellow();
        if (SoC > 40 && SoC <=60) blink_yellow();
        if (SoC > 60 && SoC  <=80) blink_yellow_blue();
        if (SoC > 80 && SoC <=90) blink_blue();
        if (SoC > 90) blink_slowblue();
      } else {
        blink_quickyellow();  //overtime warning
      }
    } else {
      blink_quickblue();  //battery  already charged
    }
  } else {
    switch (Status) {  // -----------------------  with battery, normal probing operation
      case 0:
        digitalWrite(ledBluePin,  HIGH);
      break;
      case 1:
        digitalWrite(ledRedPin, HIGH);
      break;
      case 2:
        digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, HIGH);
      break;
    }
    prevStatus=Status;
  }
}  // display()


void readVoltages()  {
  n=analogRead(VRawPin);
  if (n > 0) {
    n1=(((6.60 * n) / 1023.00));  // 6.60 = 3.30 x 2 (voltage divider /2 in input)
    VRaw=(n1 + ((n1 * 0.0)  /100));  // arbitrary correction (not active, +-0.0%)
  } else {
    VRaw=0;
  }
  VPower=VRaw;
  n=analogRead(VBattPin);
  if (n > 0) {
    n1=(((6.60  * n) / 1023.00));  // 6.60 = 3.30 x 2 (voltage divider /2 in input)
    VBatt=(n1  + ((n1 * 0.0) /100));  // arbitrary correction (not active, +-0.0%)
  } else  {
    VBatt=0;
  }
  if (VInitBatt==0) VInitBatt=VBatt;  // initial battery  voltage, at power-on
  prevMillisReadVoltages=millis();
}  // readVoltages()


void  checkCharge() {
  if ((IsCharging == false) && (VPower >= VMinPower) && (VBatt  < VBchgd)) {
    ChTimeStart=int((millis()/1000)/60);  // start charging, elapsed  time as minutes from power-up
    digitalWrite(RelayPin,CLOSE);  // connets power  to battery
    VInitBatt=VBatt;  // initial charging battery voltage
    IsOverTime=false;
    IsCharging=true;
  }
  if ((IsCharging == true) && ((VPower < VMinPower)  || (VBatt >= VMax))) {
    ChTimeEnd=int((millis()/1000)/60);  // end charging,  elapsed time as minutes from power-up
    digitalWrite(RelayPin,OPEN);  // disconnects  power from battery
    VInitBatt=VBatt;  // battery voltage, just after charging  is finished
    IsCharging=false;
  }
  IBatt = ((VPower - VBatt) / VResis)  - ICirc; // charging current; 0.066A at 0%, 0.034A at 50%, 0.002A at 100%
  IBattAvg  = ((VPower - ((VMax+VBmin)/2) ) / VResis) - ICirc; // 0.034A average charging current
  SoC = 100 - ((VMax - VBatt) * 100); // state of charge in %
  TFull = (CBatt  / IBattAvg) * 60;  // 529 minutes, time of charging at average current and battery  at VBmin
  TMaxChg = TFull * (VMax - VInitBatt) * ETFact * OvTiFact; // estimated  maximum time of charging considering initial voltage state, in minutes
  TChg  = (TFull * (VMax - VBatt)) * ETFact;  //  estimated remaining time of charging in  minutes
  ChTimeNow=int((millis()/1000)/60);  // now time as minutes from power-up
  if ((ChTimeNow-ChTimeStart) > TMaxChg) IsOverTime=true;
  prevMillisCheckCharge=millis();
}  // checkCharge()


void readProbe() {
  if (digitalRead(ButtonPin)  == LOW) {
    isCMOS=true;
  } else {
    isCMOS=false;
  }
  n =  analogRead(ProbePin);
  if (n > 0) {
    n1=(((9.90 * n) / 1023.00));  //  9.90 = 3.30 x 3 (voltage divider /3 in input)
    VProbe=(n1 + ((n1 * 0.0) /100));  // arbitrary correction (not active, +-0.0%)
  } else {
    VProbe=0;
  }
  if (isCMOS==false) {  // TTL case
    if (VProbe <= 0.8) {
      Status=0;
    }
    if (VProbe > 0.8 && VProbe <= 2.0) {
      Status=2;
    }
    if (VProbe > 2.0) {
      Status=1;
    }
  }
  if (isCMOS==true)  {  // CMOS case
    if (VProbe <= 1.5) {
      Status=0;
    }
    if  (VProbe > 1.5 && VProbe <= 3.5) {
      Status=2;
    }
    if (VProbe  > 3.5) {
      Status=1;
    }
  }  
}  // readProbe()

void blink_red()  {
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(ledRedPin, HIGH);
}
void blink_blue()  {
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(ledBluePin, HIGH);
  delay(500);
}
void  blink_yellow() {
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, HIGH);
  delay(500);
}
void  blink_red_yellow() {
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(ledRedPin, HIGH);
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(ledRedPin, LOW);
  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, HIGH);
  delay(500);
}
void  blink_yellow_blue() {
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, HIGH);
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, LOW);
  digitalWrite(ledBluePin,  HIGH);
  delay(500);
}
void blink_slowblue() {
  delay(1000);
  digitalWrite(ledBluePin,  HIGH);
  delay(2000);
}
void blink_quickyellow() {
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, HIGH);
  delay(100);
}
void blink_quickblue()  {
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(ledBluePin, HIGH);
  delay(100);
}
void  printDebugging() {
  Serial.println("----------------------------------------------");
  if (IsCharging) {
    Serial.print("IsCharging=");
    Serial.println(IsCharging);    
    Serial.print("VRaw (VPower)=");
    Serial.println(VRaw);
    Serial.print("VInitBatt=");
    Serial.println(VInitBatt);
    Serial.print("VBatt=");
    Serial.println(VBatt);
    Serial.print("IBatt=");
    Serial.println(IBatt); 
    Serial.print("IBattAvg=");
    Serial.println(IBattAvg); 
    Serial.print("SoC%=");
    Serial.println(SoC);  
    Serial.print("TFull=");
    Serial.println(TFull); 
    Serial.print("TMaxChg  max minutes, more is OverTime=");
    Serial.println(TMaxChg); 
    Serial.print("TChg  remaining minutes=");
    Serial.println(TChg); 
    Serial.print("ChTimeStart=");
    Serial.println(ChTimeStart);    
    Serial.print("TimeNow=");
    Serial.println(ChTimeNow);  
    Serial.print("IsOverTime=");
    Serial.println(IsOverTime);    
    Serial.print("VProbe=");
    Serial.println(VProbe); 
   } else {
    Serial.print("IsCharging=");
    Serial.println(IsCharging);    
    Serial.print("VRaw  (VPower)=");
    Serial.println(VRaw);
    Serial.print("VInitBatt=");
    Serial.println(VInitBatt);
    Serial.print("VBatt=");
    Serial.println(VBatt);
    Serial.print("SoC%=");
    Serial.println(SoC); 
    Serial.print("ChTimeStart=");
    Serial.println(ChTimeStart);    
    Serial.print("ChTimeEnd=");
    Serial.println(ChTimeEnd);    
    Serial.print("TimeNow=");
    Serial.println(ChTimeNow);
    Serial.print("Millis()=  ");
    Serial.println(millis());  
    Serial.print("VProbe=");
    Serial.println(VProbe);  
  }
  prevMillisDebug=millis();
}  // printDebugging()

LogicProbe code

arduino

1/*
2  This sketch acts as a logic level tester, by Marco Zonca, 10/2020
3
4  ATTINY 1614 as MPU, a button to switch TTL/CMOS (max 10v), 3 x LEDs and a few
5  resistors, etc.;
6 
7  // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8
9  //  TTL levels : undefined=yellow >0.8v <= 2.0v  low=blue <= 0.8v  high=red >
10  2.0v                                     
11  //  CMOS levels: undefined=yellow
12  >1.5v <= 3.5v  low=blue <= 1.5v  high=red > 3.5v
13  // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14
15    
16  As a further step I added a small 300mA/h LiPo battery, code and circuitry
17  to provide charging
18  functionality: SMD micro relay, NPN BC337, 1N4148 diod
19  and a few more resistors; for
20  the two couples of 10k resistors as voltage dividers
21  try to select them with similar values as possibile
22  or you have to apply some
23  +- % of arbitrary correction to the voltage calculation (i.e. VProbe=(n1...))
24
25  for every one of them; it is another voltage divider, on probe input, 10k and
26  5k ohm values.
27
28  Charging values: 
29  -----------------s
30  CBatt = 0.3
31  (battery power in A/h)
32  VResis = 15.5 (resistor value in series between PowerSource
33  and Battery, in ohm
34               please measure the exact resistor value and
35  put it here and below there)
36  ICirc = 0.05 (estimated maximum current consumption
37  of the circuit without battery charging)
38
39  VPower = 5.0 (charging PowerSource
40  voltage from USB) not a constant, it will change in reading
41  VMinPower = 4.6
42  (minimum voltage from USB to charge battery)
43  VBmin = 3.2 (absolute minimum
44  voltage)
45  VBWmin = 3.4 (working minimum voltage)
46  VMax = 4.2 (absolute maximum
47  voltage)
48  VBchgd = 4.0 (battery voltage, or more, to consider it already charged
49  at power-on)
50  ETFact = 1.5 (estimated time of charging factor)
51  OvTiFact
52  = 1.2 (overtime of charging factor, in addition to ETFact)
53  VInitBatt = initial
54  battery voltage, after power-on of just after charged or at start of charging
55
56  VBatt = actual battery voltage
57  IBatt = (( VPower - VBatt ) / VResis) - ICirc
58  (charging current; 0.066A at 0%, 0.034A at 50%, 0.002A at 100%)
59  IBattAvg =
60  (( VPower - ((VMax+VBmin)/2) ) / VResis) - ICirc = 0.034A (average charging current)
61
62  SoC = 100 - (( VMax - VBatt ) * 100) (state of charge in %)
63  TFull = ( CBatt
64  / IBattAvg ) * 60 = 529 minutes (time of charging at average current and battery
65  at VBmin)
66  TMaxChg = TFull * ( VMax - VInitBatt ) * ETFact (estimated maximum
67  time of charging considering initial voltage state, in minutes)
68  TChg = ( TFull
69  * (VMax - VBatt)) * ETFact  (restimated remaining time of charging in minutes)
70
71  ChTimeStart = time elapsed as minutes from power-up
72  ChTimeEnd = time end
73  of charging as minute from power-up
74  ChTimeNow = time as minutes from power-up
75*/
76
77//
78  #include <SoftwareSerial.h>  // can be uncommented for isDEBUG=true and Serial Monitor
79
80//
81  ports in/out
82const int ledBluePin = 0;  // pa4, on=LOW lovel (logic 0)
83const
84  int ledYellowPin = 6;  // pb1, on=UNDEFINED level in between 0 and 1
85const int
86  ledRedPin = 8;  // pa1, on=HIGH level (logic 1)
87const int RelayPin = 2;  // pa6,
88  set on (close) or off (open) the relay, due the contact is normally open
89const
90  int ProbePin = 10;  // pa3, analog input, logic level will be tested here
91const
92  int ButtonPin = 9;  // pa2, open/released=TTL closed/pressed=CMOS 
93const int
94  VBattPin = 7;  // pb0, analog input, battery voltage is tested here
95const int
96  VRawPin = 1;  // pa5, analog input, USB power source voltage is tested here
97
98//
99  Charging constant Values, see notes above
100const float CBatt = 0.300;  // put
101  the battery power A/h
102const float VResis = 15.5;  // put the exact resistor value
103const
104  float ICirc = 0.05;  // put the maximum circuit consumption
105const float VMinPower
106  = 4.6;
107const float VBmin = 3.2;
108const float VBWmin = 3.4;
109const float VMax
110  = 4.2;
111const float VBchgd = 4.0;
112const float ETFact = 1.5;
113const float
114  OvTiFact = 1.2;
115float VPower = 5.0;  // it will change with read value
116float
117  IBattAvg = ((VPower - ((VMax+VBmin)/2) ) / VResis) - ICirc;
118float TFull = ( CBatt
119  / IBattAvg ) * 60;
120
121const boolean IsDEBUG = false;  // set this to 'true'
122  for Serial Monitor
123
124const int CLOSE = HIGH;
125const int OPEN = LOW;
126const
127  float MillisReadVoltages = 2000;
128const float MillisCheckCharge = 4000;
129const
130  float MillisDebug = 10000;
131
132// Charging variable Values, see notes above
133float
134  VInitBatt = 0;
135float VBatt = 0;
136float IBatt = 0;
137float SoC = 0;
138float
139  TMaxChg = 0;
140float TChg = 0;
141float VRaw = 0;
142double ChTimeStart = 0;
143double
144  ChTimeEnd = 0;
145double ChTimeNow = 0;
146bool IsOverTime = false;
147bool IsCharging
148  = false;
149
150float prevMillisReadVoltages = 0;
151float prevMillisCheckCharge
152  = 0;
153float prevMillisDebug = 0;
154bool isCMOS=false;
155float n=0;
156float
157  n1=0;
158float VProbe=0;
159byte Status=0;  // 0=0 1=1 2=undefined
160byte prevStatus=9;
161  // 0=0 1=1 2=undefined (previous) [value=9 is just for first loop run]
162
163void
164  setup() {
165  if (IsDEBUG) Serial.begin(9600);
166  pinMode(ledBluePin, OUTPUT);
167
168  pinMode(ledYellowPin, OUTPUT);
169  pinMode(ledRedPin, OUTPUT);
170  pinMode(RelayPin,
171  OUTPUT);
172  pinMode(ButtonPin, INPUT);
173  pinMode(ProbePin, INPUT);
174  pinMode(VBattPin,
175  INPUT);
176  pinMode(VRawPin, INPUT);
177  digitalWrite(RelayPin,OPEN);  // disconnects
178  power from battery
179  digitalWrite(ledBluePin,HIGH);  // LEDs test show
180  delay(150);
181
182  digitalWrite(ledBluePin,LOW);
183  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin,HIGH);
184  delay(150);
185
186  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin,LOW);
187  digitalWrite(ledRedPin,HIGH);
188  delay(150);
189
190  digitalWrite(ledRedPin,LOW);
191}  // setup()
192
193void loop() {
194  readProbe();
195
196  display();
197  if ((prevMillisReadVoltages+MillisReadVoltages) < millis()) readVoltages();
198
199  if ((prevMillisCheckCharge+MillisCheckCharge) < millis()) checkCharge();
200  if
201  (((prevMillisDebug+MillisDebug) < millis()) && (IsDEBUG)) printDebugging();
202}
203  // loop()
204
205void display() {
206  digitalWrite(ledBluePin,LOW);
207  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin,LOW);
208
209  digitalWrite(ledRedPin,LOW);
210  if (VPower > 0) {  // -------------------------
211  with USB power
212    if (IsCharging==true) {
213      if (IsOverTime==false) {
214
215        if (SoC <= 20) blink_red();
216        if (SoC > 20 && SoC <=40) blink_red_yellow();
217
218        if (SoC > 40 && SoC <=60) blink_yellow();
219        if (SoC > 60 && SoC
220  <=80) blink_yellow_blue();
221        if (SoC > 80 && SoC <=90) blink_blue();
222
223        if (SoC > 90) blink_slowblue();
224      } else {
225        blink_quickyellow();
226  //overtime warning
227      }
228    } else {
229      blink_quickblue();  //battery
230  already charged
231    }
232  } else {
233    switch (Status) {  // -----------------------
234  with battery, normal probing operation
235      case 0:
236        digitalWrite(ledBluePin,
237  HIGH);
238      break;
239      case 1:
240        digitalWrite(ledRedPin, HIGH);
241
242      break;
243      case 2:
244        digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, HIGH);
245      break;
246
247    }
248    prevStatus=Status;
249  }
250}  // display()
251
252
253void readVoltages()
254  {
255  n=analogRead(VRawPin);
256  if (n > 0) {
257    n1=(((6.60 * n) / 1023.00));
258  // 6.60 = 3.30 x 2 (voltage divider /2 in input)
259    VRaw=(n1 + ((n1 * 0.0)
260  /100));  // arbitrary correction (not active, +-0.0%)
261  } else {
262    VRaw=0;
263
264  }
265  VPower=VRaw;
266  n=analogRead(VBattPin);
267  if (n > 0) {
268    n1=(((6.60
269  * n) / 1023.00));  // 6.60 = 3.30 x 2 (voltage divider /2 in input)
270    VBatt=(n1
271  + ((n1 * 0.0) /100));  // arbitrary correction (not active, +-0.0%)
272  } else
273  {
274    VBatt=0;
275  }
276  if (VInitBatt==0) VInitBatt=VBatt;  // initial battery
277  voltage, at power-on
278  prevMillisReadVoltages=millis();
279}  // readVoltages()
280
281
282void
283  checkCharge() {
284  if ((IsCharging == false) && (VPower >= VMinPower) && (VBatt
285  < VBchgd)) {
286    ChTimeStart=int((millis()/1000)/60);  // start charging, elapsed
287  time as minutes from power-up
288    digitalWrite(RelayPin,CLOSE);  // connets power
289  to battery
290    VInitBatt=VBatt;  // initial charging battery voltage
291    IsOverTime=false;
292
293    IsCharging=true;
294  }
295  if ((IsCharging == true) && ((VPower < VMinPower)
296  || (VBatt >= VMax))) {
297    ChTimeEnd=int((millis()/1000)/60);  // end charging,
298  elapsed time as minutes from power-up
299    digitalWrite(RelayPin,OPEN);  // disconnects
300  power from battery
301    VInitBatt=VBatt;  // battery voltage, just after charging
302  is finished
303    IsCharging=false;
304  }
305  IBatt = ((VPower - VBatt) / VResis)
306  - ICirc; // charging current; 0.066A at 0%, 0.034A at 50%, 0.002A at 100%
307  IBattAvg
308  = ((VPower - ((VMax+VBmin)/2) ) / VResis) - ICirc; // 0.034A average charging current
309
310  SoC = 100 - ((VMax - VBatt) * 100); // state of charge in %
311  TFull = (CBatt
312  / IBattAvg) * 60;  // 529 minutes, time of charging at average current and battery
313  at VBmin
314  TMaxChg = TFull * (VMax - VInitBatt) * ETFact * OvTiFact; // estimated
315  maximum time of charging considering initial voltage state, in minutes
316  TChg
317  = (TFull * (VMax - VBatt)) * ETFact;  //  estimated remaining time of charging in
318  minutes
319  ChTimeNow=int((millis()/1000)/60);  // now time as minutes from power-up
320
321  if ((ChTimeNow-ChTimeStart) > TMaxChg) IsOverTime=true;
322  prevMillisCheckCharge=millis();
323}
324  // checkCharge()
325
326
327void readProbe() {
328  if (digitalRead(ButtonPin)
329  == LOW) {
330    isCMOS=true;
331  } else {
332    isCMOS=false;
333  }
334  n =
335  analogRead(ProbePin);
336  if (n > 0) {
337    n1=(((9.90 * n) / 1023.00));  //
338  9.90 = 3.30 x 3 (voltage divider /3 in input)
339    VProbe=(n1 + ((n1 * 0.0) /100));
340  // arbitrary correction (not active, +-0.0%)
341  } else {
342    VProbe=0;
343
344  }
345  if (isCMOS==false) {  // TTL case
346    if (VProbe <= 0.8) {
347      Status=0;
348
349    }
350    if (VProbe > 0.8 && VProbe <= 2.0) {
351      Status=2;
352    }
353
354    if (VProbe > 2.0) {
355      Status=1;
356    }
357  }
358  if (isCMOS==true)
359  {  // CMOS case
360    if (VProbe <= 1.5) {
361      Status=0;
362    }
363    if
364  (VProbe > 1.5 && VProbe <= 3.5) {
365      Status=2;
366    }
367    if (VProbe
368  > 3.5) {
369      Status=1;
370    }
371  }  
372}  // readProbe()
373
374void blink_red()
375  {
376  delay(500);
377  digitalWrite(ledRedPin, HIGH);
378}
379void blink_blue()
380  {
381  delay(500);
382  digitalWrite(ledBluePin, HIGH);
383  delay(500);
384}
385void
386  blink_yellow() {
387  delay(500);
388  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, HIGH);
389  delay(500);
390}
391void
392  blink_red_yellow() {
393  delay(500);
394  digitalWrite(ledRedPin, HIGH);
395  delay(500);
396
397  digitalWrite(ledRedPin, LOW);
398  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, HIGH);
399  delay(500);
400}
401void
402  blink_yellow_blue() {
403  delay(500);
404  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, HIGH);
405
406  delay(500);
407  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, LOW);
408  digitalWrite(ledBluePin,
409  HIGH);
410  delay(500);
411}
412void blink_slowblue() {
413  delay(1000);
414  digitalWrite(ledBluePin,
415  HIGH);
416  delay(2000);
417}
418void blink_quickyellow() {
419  delay(100);
420
421  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, HIGH);
422  delay(100);
423}
424void blink_quickblue()
425  {
426  delay(100);
427  digitalWrite(ledBluePin, HIGH);
428  delay(100);
429}
430void
431  printDebugging() {
432  Serial.println("----------------------------------------------");
433
434  if (IsCharging) {
435    Serial.print("IsCharging=");
436    Serial.println(IsCharging);
437    
438    Serial.print("VRaw (VPower)=");
439    Serial.println(VRaw);
440    Serial.print("VInitBatt=");
441
442    Serial.println(VInitBatt);
443    Serial.print("VBatt=");
444    Serial.println(VBatt);
445
446    Serial.print("IBatt=");
447    Serial.println(IBatt); 
448    Serial.print("IBattAvg=");
449
450    Serial.println(IBattAvg); 
451    Serial.print("SoC%=");
452    Serial.println(SoC);
453  
454    Serial.print("TFull=");
455    Serial.println(TFull); 
456    Serial.print("TMaxChg
457  max minutes, more is OverTime=");
458    Serial.println(TMaxChg); 
459    Serial.print("TChg
460  remaining minutes=");
461    Serial.println(TChg); 
462    Serial.print("ChTimeStart=");
463
464    Serial.println(ChTimeStart);    
465    Serial.print("TimeNow=");
466    Serial.println(ChTimeNow);
467  
468    Serial.print("IsOverTime=");
469    Serial.println(IsOverTime);    
470
471    Serial.print("VProbe=");
472    Serial.println(VProbe); 
473   } else {
474
475    Serial.print("IsCharging=");
476    Serial.println(IsCharging);    
477    Serial.print("VRaw
478  (VPower)=");
479    Serial.println(VRaw);
480    Serial.print("VInitBatt=");
481
482    Serial.println(VInitBatt);
483    Serial.print("VBatt=");
484    Serial.println(VBatt);
485
486    Serial.print("SoC%=");
487    Serial.println(SoC); 
488    Serial.print("ChTimeStart=");
489
490    Serial.println(ChTimeStart);    
491    Serial.print("ChTimeEnd=");
492    Serial.println(ChTimeEnd);
493    
494    Serial.print("TimeNow=");
495    Serial.println(ChTimeNow);
496    Serial.print("Millis()=
497  ");
498    Serial.println(millis());  
499    Serial.print("VProbe=");
500    Serial.println(VProbe);
501  
502  }
503  prevMillisDebug=millis();
504}  // printDebugging()
505

/*
  This sketch acts as a logic level tester, by Marco Zonca, 10/2020

  ATTINY 1614 as MPU, a button to switch TTL/CMOS (max 10v), 3 x LEDs and a few
  resistors, etc.;
 
  // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  //  TTL levels : undefined=yellow >0.8v <= 2.0v  low=blue <= 0.8v  high=red >
  2.0v                                     
  //  CMOS levels: undefined=yellow
  >1.5v <= 3.5v  low=blue <= 1.5v  high=red > 3.5v
  // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    
  As a further step I added a small 300mA/h LiPo battery, code and circuitry
  to provide charging
  functionality: SMD micro relay, NPN BC337, 1N4148 diod
  and a few more resistors; for
  the two couples of 10k resistors as voltage dividers
  try to select them with similar values as possibile
  or you have to apply some
  +- % of arbitrary correction to the voltage calculation (i.e. VProbe=(n1...))

  for every one of them; it is another voltage divider, on probe input, 10k and
  5k ohm values.

  Charging values: 
  -----------------s
  CBatt = 0.3
  (battery power in A/h)
  VResis = 15.5 (resistor value in series between PowerSource
  and Battery, in ohm
               please measure the exact resistor value and
  put it here and below there)
  ICirc = 0.05 (estimated maximum current consumption
  of the circuit without battery charging)

  VPower = 5.0 (charging PowerSource
  voltage from USB) not a constant, it will change in reading
  VMinPower = 4.6
  (minimum voltage from USB to charge battery)
  VBmin = 3.2 (absolute minimum
  voltage)
  VBWmin = 3.4 (working minimum voltage)
  VMax = 4.2 (absolute maximum
  voltage)
  VBchgd = 4.0 (battery voltage, or more, to consider it already charged
  at power-on)
  ETFact = 1.5 (estimated time of charging factor)
  OvTiFact
  = 1.2 (overtime of charging factor, in addition to ETFact)
  VInitBatt = initial
  battery voltage, after power-on of just after charged or at start of charging

  VBatt = actual battery voltage
  IBatt = (( VPower - VBatt ) / VResis) - ICirc
  (charging current; 0.066A at 0%, 0.034A at 50%, 0.002A at 100%)
  IBattAvg =
  (( VPower - ((VMax+VBmin)/2) ) / VResis) - ICirc = 0.034A (average charging current)

  SoC = 100 - (( VMax - VBatt ) * 100) (state of charge in %)
  TFull = ( CBatt
  / IBattAvg ) * 60 = 529 minutes (time of charging at average current and battery
  at VBmin)
  TMaxChg = TFull * ( VMax - VInitBatt ) * ETFact (estimated maximum
  time of charging considering initial voltage state, in minutes)
  TChg = ( TFull
  * (VMax - VBatt)) * ETFact  (restimated remaining time of charging in minutes)

  ChTimeStart = time elapsed as minutes from power-up
  ChTimeEnd = time end
  of charging as minute from power-up
  ChTimeNow = time as minutes from power-up
*/

//
  #include <SoftwareSerial.h>  // can be uncommented for isDEBUG=true and Serial Monitor

//
  ports in/out
const int ledBluePin = 0;  // pa4, on=LOW lovel (logic 0)
const
  int ledYellowPin = 6;  // pb1, on=UNDEFINED level in between 0 and 1
const int
  ledRedPin = 8;  // pa1, on=HIGH level (logic 1)
const int RelayPin = 2;  // pa6,
  set on (close) or off (open) the relay, due the contact is normally open
const
  int ProbePin = 10;  // pa3, analog input, logic level will be tested here
const
  int ButtonPin = 9;  // pa2, open/released=TTL closed/pressed=CMOS 
const int
  VBattPin = 7;  // pb0, analog input, battery voltage is tested here
const int
  VRawPin = 1;  // pa5, analog input, USB power source voltage is tested here

//
  Charging constant Values, see notes above
const float CBatt = 0.300;  // put
  the battery power A/h
const float VResis = 15.5;  // put the exact resistor value
const
  float ICirc = 0.05;  // put the maximum circuit consumption
const float VMinPower
  = 4.6;
const float VBmin = 3.2;
const float VBWmin = 3.4;
const float VMax
  = 4.2;
const float VBchgd = 4.0;
const float ETFact = 1.5;
const float
  OvTiFact = 1.2;
float VPower = 5.0;  // it will change with read value
float
  IBattAvg = ((VPower - ((VMax+VBmin)/2) ) / VResis) - ICirc;
float TFull = ( CBatt
  / IBattAvg ) * 60;

const boolean IsDEBUG = false;  // set this to 'true'
  for Serial Monitor

const int CLOSE = HIGH;
const int OPEN = LOW;
const
  float MillisReadVoltages = 2000;
const float MillisCheckCharge = 4000;
const
  float MillisDebug = 10000;

// Charging variable Values, see notes above
float
  VInitBatt = 0;
float VBatt = 0;
float IBatt = 0;
float SoC = 0;
float
  TMaxChg = 0;
float TChg = 0;
float VRaw = 0;
double ChTimeStart = 0;
double
  ChTimeEnd = 0;
double ChTimeNow = 0;
bool IsOverTime = false;
bool IsCharging
  = false;

float prevMillisReadVoltages = 0;
float prevMillisCheckCharge
  = 0;
float prevMillisDebug = 0;
bool isCMOS=false;
float n=0;
float
  n1=0;
float VProbe=0;
byte Status=0;  // 0=0 1=1 2=undefined
byte prevStatus=9;
  // 0=0 1=1 2=undefined (previous) [value=9 is just for first loop run]

void
  setup() {
  if (IsDEBUG) Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(ledBluePin, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(ledYellowPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ledRedPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(RelayPin,
  OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ButtonPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(ProbePin, INPUT);
  pinMode(VBattPin,
  INPUT);
  pinMode(VRawPin, INPUT);
  digitalWrite(RelayPin,OPEN);  // disconnects
  power from battery
  digitalWrite(ledBluePin,HIGH);  // LEDs test show
  delay(150);

  digitalWrite(ledBluePin,LOW);
  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin,HIGH);
  delay(150);

  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin,LOW);
  digitalWrite(ledRedPin,HIGH);
  delay(150);

  digitalWrite(ledRedPin,LOW);
}  // setup()

void loop() {
  readProbe();

  display();
  if ((prevMillisReadVoltages+MillisReadVoltages) < millis()) readVoltages();

  if ((prevMillisCheckCharge+MillisCheckCharge) < millis()) checkCharge();
  if
  (((prevMillisDebug+MillisDebug) < millis()) && (IsDEBUG)) printDebugging();
}
  // loop()

void display() {
  digitalWrite(ledBluePin,LOW);
  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin,LOW);

  digitalWrite(ledRedPin,LOW);
  if (VPower > 0) {  // -------------------------
  with USB power
    if (IsCharging==true) {
      if (IsOverTime==false) {

        if (SoC <= 20) blink_red();
        if (SoC > 20 && SoC <=40) blink_red_yellow();

        if (SoC > 40 && SoC <=60) blink_yellow();
        if (SoC > 60 && SoC
  <=80) blink_yellow_blue();
        if (SoC > 80 && SoC <=90) blink_blue();

        if (SoC > 90) blink_slowblue();
      } else {
        blink_quickyellow();
  //overtime warning
      }
    } else {
      blink_quickblue();  //battery
  already charged
    }
  } else {
    switch (Status) {  // -----------------------
  with battery, normal probing operation
      case 0:
        digitalWrite(ledBluePin,
  HIGH);
      break;
      case 1:
        digitalWrite(ledRedPin, HIGH);

      break;
      case 2:
        digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, HIGH);
      break;

    }
    prevStatus=Status;
  }
}  // display()


void readVoltages()
  {
  n=analogRead(VRawPin);
  if (n > 0) {
    n1=(((6.60 * n) / 1023.00));
  // 6.60 = 3.30 x 2 (voltage divider /2 in input)
    VRaw=(n1 + ((n1 * 0.0)
  /100));  // arbitrary correction (not active, +-0.0%)
  } else {
    VRaw=0;

  }
  VPower=VRaw;
  n=analogRead(VBattPin);
  if (n > 0) {
    n1=(((6.60
  * n) / 1023.00));  // 6.60 = 3.30 x 2 (voltage divider /2 in input)
    VBatt=(n1
  + ((n1 * 0.0) /100));  // arbitrary correction (not active, +-0.0%)
  } else
  {
    VBatt=0;
  }
  if (VInitBatt==0) VInitBatt=VBatt;  // initial battery
  voltage, at power-on
  prevMillisReadVoltages=millis();
}  // readVoltages()


void
  checkCharge() {
  if ((IsCharging == false) && (VPower >= VMinPower) && (VBatt
  < VBchgd)) {
    ChTimeStart=int((millis()/1000)/60);  // start charging, elapsed
  time as minutes from power-up
    digitalWrite(RelayPin,CLOSE);  // connets power
  to battery
    VInitBatt=VBatt;  // initial charging battery voltage
    IsOverTime=false;

    IsCharging=true;
  }
  if ((IsCharging == true) && ((VPower < VMinPower)
  || (VBatt >= VMax))) {
    ChTimeEnd=int((millis()/1000)/60);  // end charging,
  elapsed time as minutes from power-up
    digitalWrite(RelayPin,OPEN);  // disconnects
  power from battery
    VInitBatt=VBatt;  // battery voltage, just after charging
  is finished
    IsCharging=false;
  }
  IBatt = ((VPower - VBatt) / VResis)
  - ICirc; // charging current; 0.066A at 0%, 0.034A at 50%, 0.002A at 100%
  IBattAvg
  = ((VPower - ((VMax+VBmin)/2) ) / VResis) - ICirc; // 0.034A average charging current

  SoC = 100 - ((VMax - VBatt) * 100); // state of charge in %
  TFull = (CBatt
  / IBattAvg) * 60;  // 529 minutes, time of charging at average current and battery
  at VBmin
  TMaxChg = TFull * (VMax - VInitBatt) * ETFact * OvTiFact; // estimated
  maximum time of charging considering initial voltage state, in minutes
  TChg
  = (TFull * (VMax - VBatt)) * ETFact;  //  estimated remaining time of charging in
  minutes
  ChTimeNow=int((millis()/1000)/60);  // now time as minutes from power-up

  if ((ChTimeNow-ChTimeStart) > TMaxChg) IsOverTime=true;
  prevMillisCheckCharge=millis();
}
  // checkCharge()


void readProbe() {
  if (digitalRead(ButtonPin)
  == LOW) {
    isCMOS=true;
  } else {
    isCMOS=false;
  }
  n =
  analogRead(ProbePin);
  if (n > 0) {
    n1=(((9.90 * n) / 1023.00));  //
  9.90 = 3.30 x 3 (voltage divider /3 in input)
    VProbe=(n1 + ((n1 * 0.0) /100));
  // arbitrary correction (not active, +-0.0%)
  } else {
    VProbe=0;

  }
  if (isCMOS==false) {  // TTL case
    if (VProbe <= 0.8) {
      Status=0;

    }
    if (VProbe > 0.8 && VProbe <= 2.0) {
      Status=2;
    }

    if (VProbe > 2.0) {
      Status=1;
    }
  }
  if (isCMOS==true)
  {  // CMOS case
    if (VProbe <= 1.5) {
      Status=0;
    }
    if
  (VProbe > 1.5 && VProbe <= 3.5) {
      Status=2;
    }
    if (VProbe
  > 3.5) {
      Status=1;
    }
  }  
}  // readProbe()

void blink_red()
  {
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(ledRedPin, HIGH);
}
void blink_blue()
  {
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(ledBluePin, HIGH);
  delay(500);
}
void
  blink_yellow() {
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, HIGH);
  delay(500);
}
void
  blink_red_yellow() {
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(ledRedPin, HIGH);
  delay(500);

  digitalWrite(ledRedPin, LOW);
  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, HIGH);
  delay(500);
}
void
  blink_yellow_blue() {
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, HIGH);

  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, LOW);
  digitalWrite(ledBluePin,
  HIGH);
  delay(500);
}
void blink_slowblue() {
  delay(1000);
  digitalWrite(ledBluePin,
  HIGH);
  delay(2000);
}
void blink_quickyellow() {
  delay(100);

  digitalWrite(ledYellowPin, HIGH);
  delay(100);
}
void blink_quickblue()
  {
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(ledBluePin, HIGH);
  delay(100);
}
void
  printDebugging() {
  Serial.println("----------------------------------------------");

  if (IsCharging) {
    Serial.print("IsCharging=");
    Serial.println(IsCharging);
    
    Serial.print("VRaw (VPower)=");
    Serial.println(VRaw);
    Serial.print("VInitBatt=");

    Serial.println(VInitBatt);
    Serial.print("VBatt=");
    Serial.println(VBatt);

    Serial.print("IBatt=");
    Serial.println(IBatt); 
    Serial.print("IBattAvg=");

    Serial.println(IBattAvg); 
    Serial.print("SoC%=");
    Serial.println(SoC);
  
    Serial.print("TFull=");
    Serial.println(TFull); 
    Serial.print("TMaxChg
  max minutes, more is OverTime=");
    Serial.println(TMaxChg); 
    Serial.print("TChg
  remaining minutes=");
    Serial.println(TChg); 
    Serial.print("ChTimeStart=");

    Serial.println(ChTimeStart);    
    Serial.print("TimeNow=");
    Serial.println(ChTimeNow);
  
    Serial.print("IsOverTime=");
    Serial.println(IsOverTime);    

    Serial.print("VProbe=");
    Serial.println(VProbe); 
   } else {

    Serial.print("IsCharging=");
    Serial.println(IsCharging);    
    Serial.print("VRaw
  (VPower)=");
    Serial.println(VRaw);
    Serial.print("VInitBatt=");

    Serial.println(VInitBatt);
    Serial.print("VBatt=");
    Serial.println(VBatt);

    Serial.print("SoC%=");
    Serial.println(SoC); 
    Serial.print("ChTimeStart=");

    Serial.println(ChTimeStart);    
    Serial.print("ChTimeEnd=");
    Serial.println(ChTimeEnd);
    
    Serial.print("TimeNow=");
    Serial.println(ChTimeNow);
    Serial.print("Millis()=
  ");
    Serial.println(millis());  
    Serial.print("VProbe=");
    Serial.println(VProbe);
  
  }
  prevMillisDebug=millis();
}  // printDebugging()

Downloadable files

Main PCB top face

Main PCB components face

Main PCB bottom face

Microcontroller PCB top face

Microcontroller PCB components face

Main PCB overview

Main Fritzing schematic diagram

Microcontroller PCB overview

Microcontroller PCB bottom face

Main PCB components face

Microcontroller PCB components face

Main PCB overview

Main Fritzing schematic diagram

Microcontroller PCB overview

Microcontroller PCB bottom face

Main PCB bottom face

Main PCB top face

Microcontroller PCB top face

Microcontroller Fritzing schematic diagram

Comments

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marcozonca

a year ago

Please check updates of this and other my projects on https://www.hackster.io/marcozonca and keep in contact with me too with your comments and questions there. Thank you.

marcozonca

11 Followers

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11 Projects

Intro

Components and supplies

Project description

Code

Downloadable files