Components and supplies
2
Pushbutton Switch, Momentary
1
Arduino Nano R3
1
i2c 0.96" OLED display (SSD1306)
2
Through Hole Resistor, 100 kohm
Apps and platforms
1
Arduino IDE
Project description
Code
Display Source Code (.cpp)
arduino
download and add these two files to the sketch folder if you display doesn't work.
1/********************************************************************* 2This is a library for our Monochrome OLEDs based on SSD1306 drivers 3 4 Pick one up today in the adafruit shop! 5 ------> http://www.adafruit.com/category/63_98 6 7These displays use SPI to communicate, 4 or 5 pins are required to 8interface 9 10Adafruit invests time and resources providing this open source code, 11please support Adafruit and open-source hardware by purchasing 12products from Adafruit! 13 14Written by Limor Fried/Ladyada for Adafruit Industries. 15BSD license, check license.txt for more information 16All text above, and the splash screen below must be included in any redistribution 17*********************************************************************/ 18 19#ifdef __AVR__ 20 #include <avr/pgmspace.h> 21#elif defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP32) 22 #include <pgmspace.h> 23#else 24 #define pgm_read_byte(addr) (*(const unsigned char *)(addr)) 25#endif 26 27#if !defined(__ARM_ARCH) && !defined(ENERGIA) && !defined(ESP8266) && !defined(ESP32) && !defined(__arc__) 28 #include <util/delay.h> 29#endif 30 31#include <stdlib.h> 32 33#include <Wire.h> 34#include <SPI.h> 35#include "Adafruit_GFX.h" 36#include "Adafruit_SSD1306.h" 37 38// the memory buffer for the LCD 39 40static uint8_t buffer[SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT * SSD1306_LCDWIDTH / 8] = { 410x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 420x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 430x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 440x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 450x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 460x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 470x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 480x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 490x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 500x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF8, 0xFC, 0xF8, 0xE0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 510x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 520x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0xFF, 53#if (SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT * SSD1306_LCDWIDTH > 96*16) 540xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 550x80, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 560x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x8C, 0x8E, 0x84, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xF8, 570xF8, 0xF8, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 580xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xE0, 0xE0, 0xC0, 0x80, 590x00, 0xE0, 0xFC, 0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 600x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFF, 0xC7, 0x01, 0x01, 610x01, 0x01, 0x83, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xFE, 0xC7, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x83, 0xFF, 620xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x38, 0xFE, 0xC7, 0x83, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x83, 0xC7, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 630x01, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x07, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7F, 0xFF, 640x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xFF, 650xFF, 0xFF, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 660x03, 0x0F, 0x3F, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xE7, 0xC7, 0xC7, 0x8F, 670x8F, 0x9F, 0xBF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xC3, 0xC0, 0xF0, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFC, 0xFC, 0xFC, 680xFC, 0xFC, 0xFC, 0xFC, 0xFC, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xE0, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 690x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 700x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 710x00, 0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 720x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 730x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 74#if (SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT == 64) 750x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF9, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x3F, 0x1F, 0x0F, 760x87, 0xC7, 0xF7, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x3D, 0xFC, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0x7C, 0x7D, 0xFF, 770xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0x3F, 0x0F, 0x07, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 780x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 790x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 800x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xE0, 0xC0, 0x00, 810x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 820x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 830x00, 0xC0, 0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0x3F, 0x1F, 840x0F, 0x07, 0x1F, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFE, 0xF8, 0xE0, 850x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 860x00, 0xFC, 0xFE, 0xFC, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x06, 0x0E, 0xFC, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF0, 0xF8, 0x1C, 0x0E, 870x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x0C, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 880xFE, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0x66, 0xE6, 0xCE, 0x84, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x06, 890x06, 0xFC, 0xFE, 0xFC, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC0, 0xF8, 900xFC, 0x4E, 0x46, 0x46, 0x46, 0x4E, 0x7C, 0x78, 0x40, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x76, 0xE6, 0xCE, 0xCC, 0x80, 910x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 920x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x07, 0x0F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x1F, 0x0F, 0x03, 930x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 940x00, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x07, 0x0E, 0x0C, 950x18, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x0F, 0x0E, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x0F, 960x07, 0x01, 0x00, 0x04, 0x0E, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x0F, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x00, 970x00, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 980x07, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x1C, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x06, 0x00, 0x04, 0x0E, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x0F, 0x07, 990x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 1000x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 1010x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 1020x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 1030x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 1040x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 1050x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 1060x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 107#endif 108#endif 109}; 110 111#define ssd1306_swap(a, b) { int16_t t = a; a = b; b = t; } 112 113// the most basic function, set a single pixel 114void Adafruit_SSD1306::drawPixel(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t color) { 115 if ((x < 0) || (x >= width()) || (y < 0) || (y >= height())) 116 return; 117 118 // check rotation, move pixel around if necessary 119 switch (getRotation()) { 120 case 1: 121 ssd1306_swap(x, y); 122 x = WIDTH - x - 1; 123 break; 124 case 2: 125 x = WIDTH - x - 1; 126 y = HEIGHT - y - 1; 127 break; 128 case 3: 129 ssd1306_swap(x, y); 130 y = HEIGHT - y - 1; 131 break; 132 } 133 134 // x is which column 135 switch (color) 136 { 137 case WHITE: buffer[x+ (y/8)*SSD1306_LCDWIDTH] |= (1 << (y&7)); break; 138 case BLACK: buffer[x+ (y/8)*SSD1306_LCDWIDTH] &= ~(1 << (y&7)); break; 139 case INVERSE: buffer[x+ (y/8)*SSD1306_LCDWIDTH] ^= (1 << (y&7)); break; 140 } 141 142} 143 144Adafruit_SSD1306::Adafruit_SSD1306(int8_t SID, int8_t SCLK, int8_t DC, int8_t RST, int8_t CS) : Adafruit_GFX(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH, SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT) { 145 cs = CS; 146 rst = RST; 147 dc = DC; 148 sclk = SCLK; 149 sid = SID; 150 hwSPI = false; 151} 152 153// constructor for hardware SPI - we indicate DataCommand, ChipSelect, Reset 154Adafruit_SSD1306::Adafruit_SSD1306(int8_t DC, int8_t RST, int8_t CS) : Adafruit_GFX(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH, SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT) { 155 dc = DC; 156 rst = RST; 157 cs = CS; 158 hwSPI = true; 159} 160 161// initializer for I2C - we only indicate the reset pin! 162Adafruit_SSD1306::Adafruit_SSD1306(int8_t reset) : 163Adafruit_GFX(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH, SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT) { 164 sclk = dc = cs = sid = -1; 165 rst = reset; 166} 167 168 169void Adafruit_SSD1306::begin(uint8_t vccstate, uint8_t i2caddr, bool reset) { 170 _vccstate = vccstate; 171 _i2caddr = i2caddr; 172 173 // set pin directions 174 if (sid != -1){ 175 pinMode(dc, OUTPUT); 176 pinMode(cs, OUTPUT); 177#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG 178 csport = portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(cs)); 179 cspinmask = digitalPinToBitMask(cs); 180 dcport = portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(dc)); 181 dcpinmask = digitalPinToBitMask(dc); 182#endif 183 if (!hwSPI){ 184 // set pins for software-SPI 185 pinMode(sid, OUTPUT); 186 pinMode(sclk, OUTPUT); 187#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG 188 clkport = portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(sclk)); 189 clkpinmask = digitalPinToBitMask(sclk); 190 mosiport = portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(sid)); 191 mosipinmask = digitalPinToBitMask(sid); 192#endif 193 } 194 if (hwSPI){ 195 SPI.begin(); 196#ifdef SPI_HAS_TRANSACTION 197 SPI.beginTransaction(SPISettings(8000000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0)); 198#else 199 SPI.setClockDivider (4); 200#endif 201 } 202 } 203 else 204 { 205 // I2C Init 206 Wire.begin(); 207#ifdef __SAM3X8E__ 208 // Force 400 KHz I2C, rawr! (Uses pins 20, 21 for SDA, SCL) 209 TWI1->TWI_CWGR = 0; 210 TWI1->TWI_CWGR = ((VARIANT_MCK / (2 * 400000)) - 4) * 0x101; 211#endif 212 } 213 if ((reset) && (rst >= 0)) { 214 // Setup reset pin direction (used by both SPI and I2C) 215 pinMode(rst, OUTPUT); 216 digitalWrite(rst, HIGH); 217 // VDD (3.3V) goes high at start, lets just chill for a ms 218 delay(1); 219 // bring reset low 220 digitalWrite(rst, LOW); 221 // wait 10ms 222 delay(10); 223 // bring out of reset 224 digitalWrite(rst, HIGH); 225 // turn on VCC (9V?) 226 } 227 228 // Init sequence 229 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_DISPLAYOFF); // 0xAE 230 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETDISPLAYCLOCKDIV); // 0xD5 231 ssd1306_command(0x80); // the suggested ratio 0x80 232 233 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETMULTIPLEX); // 0xA8 234 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT - 1); 235 236 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETDISPLAYOFFSET); // 0xD3 237 ssd1306_command(0x0); // no offset 238 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETSTARTLINE | 0x0); // line #0 239 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_CHARGEPUMP); // 0x8D 240 if (vccstate == SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC) 241 { ssd1306_command(0x10); } 242 else 243 { ssd1306_command(0x14); } 244 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_MEMORYMODE); // 0x20 245 ssd1306_command(0x00); // 0x0 act like ks0108 246 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SEGREMAP | 0x1); 247 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_COMSCANDEC); 248 249 #if defined SSD1306_128_32 250 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCOMPINS); // 0xDA 251 ssd1306_command(0x02); 252 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCONTRAST); // 0x81 253 ssd1306_command(0x8F); 254 255#elif defined SSD1306_128_64 256 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCOMPINS); // 0xDA 257 ssd1306_command(0x12); 258 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCONTRAST); // 0x81 259 if (vccstate == SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC) 260 { ssd1306_command(0x9F); } 261 else 262 { ssd1306_command(0xCF); } 263 264#elif defined SSD1306_96_16 265 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCOMPINS); // 0xDA 266 ssd1306_command(0x2); //ada x12 267 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCONTRAST); // 0x81 268 if (vccstate == SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC) 269 { ssd1306_command(0x10); } 270 else 271 { ssd1306_command(0xAF); } 272 273#endif 274 275 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETPRECHARGE); // 0xd9 276 if (vccstate == SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC) 277 { ssd1306_command(0x22); } 278 else 279 { ssd1306_command(0xF1); } 280 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETVCOMDETECT); // 0xDB 281 ssd1306_command(0x40); 282 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_DISPLAYALLON_RESUME); // 0xA4 283 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_NORMALDISPLAY); // 0xA6 284 285 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_DEACTIVATE_SCROLL); 286 287 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_DISPLAYON);//--turn on oled panel 288} 289 290 291void Adafruit_SSD1306::invertDisplay(uint8_t i) { 292 if (i) { 293 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_INVERTDISPLAY); 294 } else { 295 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_NORMALDISPLAY); 296 } 297} 298 299void Adafruit_SSD1306::ssd1306_command(uint8_t c) { 300 if (sid != -1) 301 { 302 // SPI 303#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG 304 *csport |= cspinmask; 305 *dcport &= ~dcpinmask; 306 *csport &= ~cspinmask; 307#else 308 digitalWrite(cs, HIGH); 309 digitalWrite(dc, LOW); 310 digitalWrite(cs, LOW); 311#endif 312 fastSPIwrite(c); 313#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG 314 *csport |= cspinmask; 315#else 316 digitalWrite(cs, HIGH); 317#endif 318 } 319 else 320 { 321 // I2C 322 uint8_t control = 0x00; // Co = 0, D/C = 0 323 Wire.beginTransmission(_i2caddr); 324 Wire.write(control); 325 Wire.write(c); 326 Wire.endTransmission(); 327 } 328} 329 330// startscrollright 331// Activate a right handed scroll for rows start through stop 332// Hint, the display is 16 rows tall. To scroll the whole display, run: 333// display.scrollright(0x00, 0x0F) 334void Adafruit_SSD1306::startscrollright(uint8_t start, uint8_t stop){ 335 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_RIGHT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL); 336 ssd1306_command(0X00); 337 ssd1306_command(start); 338 ssd1306_command(0X00); 339 ssd1306_command(stop); 340 ssd1306_command(0X00); 341 ssd1306_command(0XFF); 342 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_ACTIVATE_SCROLL); 343} 344 345// startscrollleft 346// Activate a right handed scroll for rows start through stop 347// Hint, the display is 16 rows tall. To scroll the whole display, run: 348// display.scrollright(0x00, 0x0F) 349void Adafruit_SSD1306::startscrollleft(uint8_t start, uint8_t stop){ 350 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_LEFT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL); 351 ssd1306_command(0X00); 352 ssd1306_command(start); 353 ssd1306_command(0X00); 354 ssd1306_command(stop); 355 ssd1306_command(0X00); 356 ssd1306_command(0XFF); 357 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_ACTIVATE_SCROLL); 358} 359 360// startscrolldiagright 361// Activate a diagonal scroll for rows start through stop 362// Hint, the display is 16 rows tall. To scroll the whole display, run: 363// display.scrollright(0x00, 0x0F) 364void Adafruit_SSD1306::startscrolldiagright(uint8_t start, uint8_t stop){ 365 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SET_VERTICAL_SCROLL_AREA); 366 ssd1306_command(0X00); 367 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT); 368 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_VERTICAL_AND_RIGHT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL); 369 ssd1306_command(0X00); 370 ssd1306_command(start); 371 ssd1306_command(0X00); 372 ssd1306_command(stop); 373 ssd1306_command(0X01); 374 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_ACTIVATE_SCROLL); 375} 376 377// startscrolldiagleft 378// Activate a diagonal scroll for rows start through stop 379// Hint, the display is 16 rows tall. To scroll the whole display, run: 380// display.scrollright(0x00, 0x0F) 381void Adafruit_SSD1306::startscrolldiagleft(uint8_t start, uint8_t stop){ 382 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SET_VERTICAL_SCROLL_AREA); 383 ssd1306_command(0X00); 384 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT); 385 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_VERTICAL_AND_LEFT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL); 386 ssd1306_command(0X00); 387 ssd1306_command(start); 388 ssd1306_command(0X00); 389 ssd1306_command(stop); 390 ssd1306_command(0X01); 391 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_ACTIVATE_SCROLL); 392} 393 394void Adafruit_SSD1306::stopscroll(void){ 395 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_DEACTIVATE_SCROLL); 396} 397 398// Dim the display 399// dim = true: display is dimmed 400// dim = false: display is normal 401void Adafruit_SSD1306::dim(boolean dim) { 402 uint8_t contrast; 403 404 if (dim) { 405 contrast = 1; //0; // Dimmed display - If = zero, the display is off. 406 } else { 407 if (_vccstate == SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC) { 408 contrast = 0x9F; 409 } else { 410 contrast = 0xCF; 411 } 412 } 413 // the range of contrast to too small to be really useful 414 // it is useful to dim the display 415 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCONTRAST); 416 ssd1306_command(contrast); 417} 418 419void Adafruit_SSD1306::display(void) { 420 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_COLUMNADDR); 421 ssd1306_command(0); // Column start address (0 = reset) 422 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH-1); // Column end address (127 = reset) 423 424 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_PAGEADDR); 425 ssd1306_command(0); // Page start address (0 = reset) 426 #if SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT == 64 427 ssd1306_command(7); // Page end address 428 #endif 429 #if SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT == 32 430 ssd1306_command(3); // Page end address 431 #endif 432 #if SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT == 16 433 ssd1306_command(1); // Page end address 434 #endif 435 436 if (sid != -1) 437 { 438 // SPI 439#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG 440 *csport |= cspinmask; 441 *dcport |= dcpinmask; 442 *csport &= ~cspinmask; 443#else 444 digitalWrite(cs, HIGH); 445 digitalWrite(dc, HIGH); 446 digitalWrite(cs, LOW); 447#endif 448 449 for (uint16_t i=0; i<(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH*SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT/8); i++) { 450 fastSPIwrite(buffer[i]); 451 } 452#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG 453 *csport |= cspinmask; 454#else 455 digitalWrite(cs, HIGH); 456#endif 457 } 458 else 459 { 460 // save I2C bitrate 461#ifdef TWBR 462 uint8_t twbrbackup = TWBR; 463 TWBR = 12; // upgrade to 400KHz! 464#endif 465 466 //Serial.println(TWBR, DEC); 467 //Serial.println(TWSR & 0x3, DEC); 468 469 // I2C 470 for (uint16_t i=0; i<(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH*SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT/8); i++) { 471 // send a bunch of data in one xmission 472 Wire.beginTransmission(_i2caddr); 473 WIRE_WRITE(0x40); 474 for (uint8_t x=0; x<16; x++) { 475 WIRE_WRITE(buffer[i]); 476 i++; 477 } 478 i--; 479 Wire.endTransmission(); 480 } 481#ifdef TWBR 482 TWBR = twbrbackup; 483#endif 484 } 485} 486 487// clear everything 488void Adafruit_SSD1306::clearDisplay(void) { 489 memset(buffer, 0, (SSD1306_LCDWIDTH*SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT/8)); 490} 491 492 493inline void Adafruit_SSD1306::fastSPIwrite(uint8_t d) { 494 495 if(hwSPI) { 496 (void)SPI.transfer(d); 497 } else { 498 for(uint8_t bit = 0x80; bit; bit >>= 1) { 499#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG 500 *clkport &= ~clkpinmask; 501 if(d & bit) *mosiport |= mosipinmask; 502 else *mosiport &= ~mosipinmask; 503 *clkport |= clkpinmask; 504#else 505 digitalWrite(sclk, LOW); 506 if(d & bit) digitalWrite(sid, HIGH); 507 else digitalWrite(sid, LOW); 508 digitalWrite(sclk, HIGH); 509#endif 510 } 511 } 512} 513 514void Adafruit_SSD1306::drawFastHLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, uint16_t color) { 515 boolean bSwap = false; 516 switch(rotation) { 517 case 0: 518 // 0 degree rotation, do nothing 519 break; 520 case 1: 521 // 90 degree rotation, swap x & y for rotation, then invert x 522 bSwap = true; 523 ssd1306_swap(x, y); 524 x = WIDTH - x - 1; 525 break; 526 case 2: 527 // 180 degree rotation, invert x and y - then shift y around for height. 528 x = WIDTH - x - 1; 529 y = HEIGHT - y - 1; 530 x -= (w-1); 531 break; 532 case 3: 533 // 270 degree rotation, swap x & y for rotation, then invert y and adjust y for w (not to become h) 534 bSwap = true; 535 ssd1306_swap(x, y); 536 y = HEIGHT - y - 1; 537 y -= (w-1); 538 break; 539 } 540 541 if(bSwap) { 542 drawFastVLineInternal(x, y, w, color); 543 } else { 544 drawFastHLineInternal(x, y, w, color); 545 } 546} 547 548void Adafruit_SSD1306::drawFastHLineInternal(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, uint16_t color) { 549 // Do bounds/limit checks 550 if(y < 0 || y >= HEIGHT) { return; } 551 552 // make sure we don't try to draw below 0 553 if(x < 0) { 554 w += x; 555 x = 0; 556 } 557 558 // make sure we don't go off the edge of the display 559 if( (x + w) > WIDTH) { 560 w = (WIDTH - x); 561 } 562 563 // if our width is now negative, punt 564 if(w <= 0) { return; } 565 566 // set up the pointer for movement through the buffer 567 register uint8_t *pBuf = buffer; 568 // adjust the buffer pointer for the current row 569 pBuf += ((y/8) * SSD1306_LCDWIDTH); 570 // and offset x columns in 571 pBuf += x; 572 573 register uint8_t mask = 1 << (y&7); 574 575 switch (color) 576 { 577 case WHITE: while(w--) { *pBuf++ |= mask; }; break; 578 case BLACK: mask = ~mask; while(w--) { *pBuf++ &= mask; }; break; 579 case INVERSE: while(w--) { *pBuf++ ^= mask; }; break; 580 } 581} 582 583void Adafruit_SSD1306::drawFastVLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t h, uint16_t color) { 584 bool bSwap = false; 585 switch(rotation) { 586 case 0: 587 break; 588 case 1: 589 // 90 degree rotation, swap x & y for rotation, then invert x and adjust x for h (now to become w) 590 bSwap = true; 591 ssd1306_swap(x, y); 592 x = WIDTH - x - 1; 593 x -= (h-1); 594 break; 595 case 2: 596 // 180 degree rotation, invert x and y - then shift y around for height. 597 x = WIDTH - x - 1; 598 y = HEIGHT - y - 1; 599 y -= (h-1); 600 break; 601 case 3: 602 // 270 degree rotation, swap x & y for rotation, then invert y 603 bSwap = true; 604 ssd1306_swap(x, y); 605 y = HEIGHT - y - 1; 606 break; 607 } 608 609 if(bSwap) { 610 drawFastHLineInternal(x, y, h, color); 611 } else { 612 drawFastVLineInternal(x, y, h, color); 613 } 614} 615 616 617void Adafruit_SSD1306::drawFastVLineInternal(int16_t x, int16_t __y, int16_t __h, uint16_t color) { 618 619 // do nothing if we're off the left or right side of the screen 620 if(x < 0 || x >= WIDTH) { return; } 621 622 // make sure we don't try to draw below 0 623 if(__y < 0) { 624 // __y is negative, this will subtract enough from __h to account for __y being 0 625 __h += __y; 626 __y = 0; 627 628 } 629 630 // make sure we don't go past the height of the display 631 if( (__y + __h) > HEIGHT) { 632 __h = (HEIGHT - __y); 633 } 634 635 // if our height is now negative, punt 636 if(__h <= 0) { 637 return; 638 } 639 640 // this display doesn't need ints for coordinates, use local byte registers for faster juggling 641 register uint8_t y = __y; 642 register uint8_t h = __h; 643 644 645 // set up the pointer for fast movement through the buffer 646 register uint8_t *pBuf = buffer; 647 // adjust the buffer pointer for the current row 648 pBuf += ((y/8) * SSD1306_LCDWIDTH); 649 // and offset x columns in 650 pBuf += x; 651 652 // do the first partial byte, if necessary - this requires some masking 653 register uint8_t mod = (y&7); 654 if(mod) { 655 // mask off the high n bits we want to set 656 mod = 8-mod; 657 658 // note - lookup table results in a nearly 10% performance improvement in fill* functions 659 // register uint8_t mask = ~(0xFF >> (mod)); 660 static uint8_t premask[8] = {0x00, 0x80, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF8, 0xFC, 0xFE }; 661 register uint8_t mask = premask[mod]; 662 663 // adjust the mask if we're not going to reach the end of this byte 664 if( h < mod) { 665 mask &= (0XFF >> (mod-h)); 666 } 667 668 switch (color) 669 { 670 case WHITE: *pBuf |= mask; break; 671 case BLACK: *pBuf &= ~mask; break; 672 case INVERSE: *pBuf ^= mask; break; 673 } 674 675 // fast exit if we're done here! 676 if(h<mod) { return; } 677 678 h -= mod; 679 680 pBuf += SSD1306_LCDWIDTH; 681 } 682 683 684 // write solid bytes while we can - effectively doing 8 rows at a time 685 if(h >= 8) { 686 if (color == INVERSE) { // separate copy of the code so we don't impact performance of the black/white write version with an extra comparison per loop 687 do { 688 *pBuf=~(*pBuf); 689 690 // adjust the buffer forward 8 rows worth of data 691 pBuf += SSD1306_LCDWIDTH; 692 693 // adjust h & y (there's got to be a faster way for me to do this, but this should still help a fair bit for now) 694 h -= 8; 695 } while(h >= 8); 696 } 697 else { 698 // store a local value to work with 699 register uint8_t val = (color == WHITE) ? 255 : 0; 700 701 do { 702 // write our value in 703 *pBuf = val; 704 705 // adjust the buffer forward 8 rows worth of data 706 pBuf += SSD1306_LCDWIDTH; 707 708 // adjust h & y (there's got to be a faster way for me to do this, but this should still help a fair bit for now) 709 h -= 8; 710 } while(h >= 8); 711 } 712 } 713 714 // now do the final partial byte, if necessary 715 if(h) { 716 mod = h & 7; 717 // this time we want to mask the low bits of the byte, vs the high bits we did above 718 // register uint8_t mask = (1 << mod) - 1; 719 // note - lookup table results in a nearly 10% performance improvement in fill* functions 720 static uint8_t postmask[8] = {0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x07, 0x0F, 0x1F, 0x3F, 0x7F }; 721 register uint8_t mask = postmask[mod]; 722 switch (color) 723 { 724 case WHITE: *pBuf |= mask; break; 725 case BLACK: *pBuf &= ~mask; break; 726 case INVERSE: *pBuf ^= mask; break; 727 } 728 } 729} 730
TicTacToe - OLED version (no resistors)
arduino
This uses the Arduino internal pullup resistors
1/************************************************************************** 2 * 3 * TicTacToe - Oled - No pulldown resistors version 4 * 5 * It requires an Arduino Nano, Uno, Mini Pro, ... 6 * 7 * Hardware connections: 8 * DISPLAY - Arduino Nano/Uno 9 * GND - GND 10 * VDD - 3.3V depending on your model 11 * SCL - A5 12 * SDA - A4 13 * 14 * Arduino pin 2 <-- button MOVE <--+----- GND 15 * Arduino pin 3 <-- button OK <--+ 16 * 17 * Note: No need to use resistors, we use the internal pullup resistors 18 * 19 * Install the Adafruit SSD1306 libraries 20 * by Arduino IDE, menu Tools -> Manage Libraries 21 * 22 * apr/2022, Giovanni Verrua 23**************************************************************************/ 24 25//including the needed libraries for the OLED display 26#include <SPI.h> 27#include <Wire.h> 28#include <Adafruit_GFX.h> 29#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h> 30 31#define BUTTON_MOVE 2 32#define BUTTON_OK 3 33 34// Declaration for an SSD1306 display connected to I2C (SDA, SCL pins) 35#define OLED_RESET 4 // Reset pin # (or -1 if sharing Arduino reset pin) 36Adafruit_SSD1306 display(128, 64, &Wire, OLED_RESET); 37 38 39int gameStatus = 0; 40int whosplaying = 0; //0 = Arduino, 1 = Human 41 42int winner = -1; //-1 = Playing, 0 = Draw, 1 = Human, 2 = CPU 43 44 45int board[]={0,0,0, 46 0,0,0, 47 0,0,0}; //0 = blank, 1 = human (circle), 2 = computer (cross) 48 49 50 51 52 53 54//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55void playhuman() { 56 57 int humanMove = 0; 58 59 bool stayInLoop = true; 60 bool showDot = false; 61 long timerPos = millis()-1000; 62 63 64 while (stayInLoop) { //stay in loop until the player makes his/her choice hitting the OK button. 65 66 //If the current "?" position isn't avaliable (the cell value is 1 or 2), this loop will 67 //move the "?" to the next free cell. 68 //NOTE: there must be at least one empty cell (or it will never exit from this loop [deadlock]). 69 //This is granted, because if all the cells are used, there's a winner or it's a draft. 70 //(the calling function [loop function] check it before to continue). 71 72 while (board[humanMove] != 0) { //looking for an empty cell. 73 humanMove ++; 74 if (humanMove >8) humanMove = 0; 75 } 76 77 //--------------------------------------------------\\- 78 //this makes the flashing "?" possible. Every 200 milliseconds the IF condition becomes true and it will toogle the 79 //showDot variable between True and False (and reset the timerPos value at the current millis() value. 80 if (timerPos + 200 < millis()) { 81 timerPos = millis(); 82 showDot = !showDot; 83 playhuman_showpos( humanMove, showDot); //calling the function that will draw (or delete) the "?" 84 } 85 //--------------------------------------------------/- 86 87 if (digitalRead(BUTTON_MOVE)==LOW) { //the player hit the MOVE button. 88 playhuman_showpos( humanMove, false); //delete the marker 89 humanMove ++; //move the "?" to the next cell. 90 91 while (digitalRead(BUTTON_MOVE)==LOW); //debounce 92 93 bool showDot = false; //this two lines make sure the "?" is displayed 94 long timerPos =-1000; //at the first round. 95 } 96 97 if (digitalRead(BUTTON_OK )==LOW) stayInLoop = false; //the player hit the OK button and made his/her choice. 98 99 delay(100); //required for a correct display. 100 } 101 102 board[humanMove] = 1; //let's assign the chosen cell to the player. 103 104 105} 106 107//------------------------------------------------------------------ 108 109void playhuman_showpos(int humanMove, bool showDot) { //this function draw a flashing "?" (white = draw, black = delete) 110 111 display.setTextSize(2); 112 if (humanMove == 0) display.setCursor( 5, 5); 113 else if (humanMove == 1) display.setCursor(25, 5); 114 else if (humanMove == 2) display.setCursor(45, 5); 115 else if (humanMove == 3) display.setCursor( 5,25); 116 else if (humanMove == 4) display.setCursor(25,25); 117 else if (humanMove == 5) display.setCursor(45,25); 118 else if (humanMove == 6) display.setCursor( 5,45); 119 else if (humanMove == 7) display.setCursor(25,45); 120 else if (humanMove == 8) display.setCursor(45,45); 121 122 //if (showDot) {display.setTextColor(WHITE);display.print("?");} else {display.setTextColor(BLACK);display.print("?");} 123 if (showDot) display.setTextColor(WHITE); else display.setTextColor(BLACK); 124 125 display.print("?"); 126 display.display(); 127} 128 129 130//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 131void playcpu() { 132 133 //NOTE: The player has almost no chance to win, since the cpu will check every possible move. 134 // Actually the only way to beat the cpu is to have two winning move at the same time. 135 136 //The CPU has no real strategy, actually; it just prevents the player to win and put an "X" if it has 137 //a possible winning move. If no winning move are possible, it just put an "X" into a random place. 138 //It could seems a stupid AI, however you will see the CPU will play rather well and it will be 139 //hard to beat it. 140 141 int cpumove = checkboard(2); //2 = cpu let's check if there's a cpu's winner move 142 143 if (cpumove >=0) { 144 board[cpumove] = 2; //cpu's winner move 145 } 146 else { 147 cpumove = checkboard(1); //1=player check if the player has a chance to win (2 circles and an empty cell in a row) 148 if (cpumove >=0) { 149 board[cpumove] = 2; //this move will break the player's winner move 150 } 151 152 //there's no possible winner move neither for the cpu, nor for the human;: the CPU will put an "X" in a random cell 153 while (cpumove < 0) { //looking for a random, empty cell. 154 int randomMove = random(10); 155 if (randomMove >=0 && randomMove <=8 && board[randomMove] == 0) { 156 cpumove = randomMove; 157 } 158 } 159 board[cpumove] = 2; //let's assign the empty cell to the CPU 160 } 161} 162 163 164//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 165int checkboard(int x){ //x = 1 -> player, x = 2 -> cpu 166 167 //this function checks if the next move can be the winning move and return the cell that will 168 //win the game. It's used by the CPU to decide if it can win or if the player is going to win 169 //(and placing an "X" to prevent this chance). 170 //if no move wins the game, it returns -1 171 //the board[] index is 0 1 2 172 // 3 4 5 173 // 6 7 8 174 175 176 if (board[0]==0 && board[1]==x && board[2]==x) return 0; // 0 1 1 177 // . . . 178 // . . . 179 180 else if (board[0]==x && board[1]==0 && board[2]==x) return 1; // 1 0 1 181 // . . . 182 // . . . 183 184 else if (board[0]==x && board[1]==x && board[2]==0) return 2; // 1 1 0 185 // . . . 186 // . . . 187 //------------------------------------------------- 188 else if (board[3]==0 && board[4]==x && board[5]==x) return 3; // . . . 189 // 0 1 1 190 // . . . 191 192 else if (board[3]==x && board[4]==0 && board[5]==x) return 4; // . . . 193 // 1 0 1 194 // . . . 195 196 else if (board[3]==x && board[4]==x && board[5]==0) return 5; // . . . 197 // 1 1 0 198 // . . . 199 //------------------------------------------------- 200 else if (board[6]==0 && board[7]==x && board[8]==x) return 6; // . . . 201 // . . . 202 // 0 1 1 203 204 else if (board[6]==x && board[7]==0 && board[8]==x) return 7; // . . . 205 // . . . 206 // 1 0 1 207 208 else if (board[6]==x && board[7]==x && board[8]==0) return 8; // . . . 209 // . . . 210 // 1 1 0 211 212 //------------------------------------------------- 213 else if (board[0]==0 && board[3]==x && board[6]==x) return 0; // 0 . . 214 // 1 . . 215 // 1 . . 216 217 else if (board[0]==x && board[3]==0 && board[6]==x) return 3; // 1 . . 218 // 0 . . 219 // 1 . . 220 221 else if (board[0]==x && board[3]==x && board[6]==0) return 6; // 1 . . 222 // 1 . . 223 // 0 . . 224 225 //------------------------------------------------- 226 else if (board[1]==0 && board[4]==x && board[7]==x) return 1; // . 0 . 227 // . 1 . 228 // . 1 . 229 230 else if (board[1]==x && board[4]==0 && board[7]==x) return 4; // . 1 . 231 // . 0 . 232 // . 1 . 233 234 else if (board[1]==x && board[4]==x && board[7]==0) return 7; // . 1 . 235 // . 1 . 236 // . 0 . 237 238 //------------------------------------------------- 239 else if (board[2]==0 && board[5]==x && board[8]==x) return 2; // . . 0 240 // . . 1 241 // . . 1 242 243 else if (board[2]==x && board[5]==0 && board[8]==x) return 5; // . . 1 244 // . . 0 245 // . . 1 246 247 else if (board[2]==x && board[5]==x && board[8]==0) return 8; // . . 1 248 // . . 1 249 // . . 0 250 251 //------------------------------------------------- 252 else if (board[0]==0 && board[4]==x && board[8]==x) return 0; // 0 . . 253 // . 1 . 254 // . . 1 255 256 else if (board[0]==x && board[4]==0 && board[8]==x) return 4; // 1 . . 257 // . 0 . 258 // . . 1 259 260 else if (board[0]==x && board[4]==x && board[8]==0) return 8; // 1 . . 261 // . 1 . 262 // . . 0 263 264 //------------------------------------------------- 265 else if (board[2]==0 && board[4]==x && board[6]==x) return 2; // . . 0 266 // . 1 . 267 // 1 . . 268 269 else if (board[2]==x && board[4]==0 && board[6]==x) return 4; // . . 1 270 // . 0 . 271 // 1 . . 272 273 else if (board[2]==x && board[4]==x && board[6]==0) return 6; // . . 1 274 // . 1 . 275 // 0 . . 276 277 else return -1; 278} 279 280 281//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 282void checkWinner() { //check the board to see if there is a winner 283 284 winner = 3; //3=draft, 1= winner->player, 2=winner->cpu 285 286 // circles win? 287 if (board[0]==1 && board[1]==1 && board[2]==1) winner=1; 288 else if (board[3]==1 && board[4]==1 && board[5]==1) winner=1; 289 else if (board[6]==1 && board[7]==1 && board[8]==1) winner=1; 290 else if (board[0]==1 && board[3]==1 && board[6]==1) winner=1; 291 else if (board[1]==1 && board[4]==1 && board[7]==1) winner=1; 292 else if (board[2]==1 && board[5]==1 && board[8]==1) winner=1; 293 else if (board[0]==1 && board[4]==1 && board[8]==1) winner=1; 294 else if (board[2]==1 && board[4]==1 && board[6]==1) winner=1; 295 296 // crosses win? 297 else if (board[0]==2 && board[1]==2 && board[2]==2) winner=2; 298 else if (board[3]==2 && board[4]==2 && board[5]==2) winner=2; 299 else if (board[6]==2 && board[7]==2 && board[8]==2) winner=2; 300 else if (board[0]==2 && board[3]==2 && board[6]==2) winner=2; 301 else if (board[1]==2 && board[4]==2 && board[7]==2) winner=2; 302 else if (board[2]==2 && board[5]==2 && board[8]==2) winner=2; 303 else if (board[0]==2 && board[4]==2 && board[8]==2) winner=2; 304 else if (board[2]==2 && board[4]==2 && board[6]==2) winner=2; 305 306 if (winner == 3) { 307 for(int i=0;i<9;i++) if (board[i]==0) winner=0; //there are some empty cells yet. 308 } 309 310 311} 312 313//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 314 315void resetGame() { 316 317 for(int i=0;i<9;i++) board[i]=0; //Resetting the board. 0 = empty cell, 1 = player circle, 2 = CPU cross 318 319 winner = 0; 320 gameStatus = 0; 321 322} 323 324//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 325 326void boardDrawing() { 327 328 display.clearDisplay(); 329 display.setTextColor(WHITE); 330 331 display.drawFastHLine(0, 21, 64, WHITE); //horizontal lines 332 display.drawFastHLine(0, 42, 64, WHITE); 333 334 display.drawFastVLine(21, 0, 64, WHITE); //vertical lines 335 display.drawFastVLine(42, 0, 64, WHITE); 336 337 //drawing the content of the nine cells: " ", "o", "x" 338 display.setTextSize(2); 339 display.setCursor( 5, 5); display.print(charBoard(0)); display.setCursor(25, 5); display.print(charBoard(1)); display.setCursor(45, 5); display.print(charBoard(2)); 340 display.setCursor( 5,25); display.print(charBoard(3)); display.setCursor(25,25); display.print(charBoard(4)); display.setCursor(45,25); display.print(charBoard(5)); 341 display.setCursor( 5,45); display.print(charBoard(6)); display.setCursor(25,45); display.print(charBoard(7)); display.setCursor(45,45); display.print(charBoard(8)); 342 display.display(); 343 344 delay(200); //DON'T REMOVE!!!! needed for correct refresh and further flashing "?" when it's the player turn!!! 345} 346 347//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 348String charBoard(int x) { 349 if (board[x] == 0) return " "; 350 if (board[x] == 1) return "o"; 351 if (board[x] == 2) return "x"; 352 353 return "?"; //error trap; but it's impossible it can return an "?" because the board[] array is all initialized = 0 354} 355 356//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 357void setup() { //function executed once, at every boot or reset. 358 359 randomSeed(analogRead(0)); //resetting the random function behavior. 360 361 //using the internal pullup resistor, so the button will be LOW until a button is pressed. 362 pinMode(BUTTON_MOVE,INPUT_PULLUP); //Declaring the pin #2 as input (connected to the button move) 363 pinMode(BUTTON_OK ,INPUT_PULLUP); //Declaring the pin #3 as input (connected to the button ok) 364 365//display.begin(); //if the display doesn't work with the beHIGH instruction, 366//display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3D); //try one of these two ones. 367 display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C); 368 369 delay(500); //needed for display correct initializing 370 display.clearDisplay(); //clearing the display 371 display.setTextColor(WHITE); //setting the display color 372 display.display(); //executing the above instructions. The SSD1306 dislay will not execute any command until to use the ::display() command. 373 374 whosplaying = 2; //deciding who's the first player. Set = 2 to force it entering in the folHIGHing while loop. 375 while ( whosplaying <0 || whosplaying > 1) whosplaying = random(2); //it will stay in the loop until whosplaying isn't = 0 or = 1. Probably there's no 376 //need for a loop, since random(2) should return 0 or 1, but I'm an old programmer, 377 //I've seen many strange things in my programmer life and I like to be sure ;-) 378} 379 380 381//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 382void loop() { //main loop. Endlessly executed by Arduino. 383 384 if (gameStatus == 0){ //this is where I always put a menu in the Arduino games I wrote. We don't need a menu here, so it's just a reset step. 385 resetGame(); 386 boardDrawing(); //drawing an empty board 387 gameStatus = 1; //starting the game (see beHIGH) 388 winner = 0; //no winner for now (winner = 1: player, winner = 2: cpu). 389 } 390 391 //--------------------------------------------- 392 393 if (gameStatus == 1){ //starting the game 394 395 while (winner == 0) { //game main loop: loop until no one wins the match. 396 397 display.setTextSize(2); 398 399 if (whosplaying == 0) { //whosplaying = 0: cpu turn 400 401 display.setCursor( 72,25); display.print("CPU"); 402 display.display(); 403 delay(1000); 404 405 playcpu(); //in this function the CPU play its move. 406 407 whosplaying =1; //changing the turn. 408 } 409 else { 410 411 display.setCursor( 72,25); display.print("You"); 412 display.display(); 413 414 playhuman(); //in this function the player makes his/her move. 415 416 whosplaying =0; //changing the turn. 417 } 418 419 boardDrawing(); //refreshing the board with all the moves already done. 420 delay(500); 421 422 checkWinner(); //this will check if there's a winner and assign the winner variable 423 424 if (winner > 0) { 425 426 427 if (winner == 3) { 428 display.setTextSize(2); display.setCursor( 68, 25); 429 display.print("Draft"); 430 } 431 else { 432 //showing who's the winner 433 display.setTextSize(2); display.setCursor( 72, 25); 434 if (winner == 1) { Serial.println(F("You")); display.print("You"); display.setCursor( 72, 45); display.print("win"); } 435 else { Serial.println(F("CPU")); display.print("CPU"); display.setCursor( 72, 45); display.print("wins");} 436 437 } 438 display.display(); 439 delay(1000); 440 441 //debounce loop. It will not proceed until both buttons are unpressed. 442 while (digitalRead(BUTTON_MOVE)==HIGH && digitalRead(BUTTON_OK )==HIGH); 443 444 } 445 446 //display.display(); 447 448 } 449 450 //swap the first move for the next match between CPU and human (one per match) 451 if (whosplaying == 0) whosplaying =1; else whosplaying =0; 452 453 gameStatus = 0; //entering the reset step 454 delay(1000); //just wait a second 455 456 } 457 458} 459 460 461 462
Display Source Code (.h)
arduino
download and add these two files to the sketch folder if you display doesn't work.
1/********************************************************************* 2This is a library for our Monochrome OLEDs based on SSD1306 drivers 3 4 MODIFIED by Giovanni Verrua, SEE BELOW 5 6 Pick one up today in the adafruit shop! 7 ------> http://www.adafruit.com/category/63_98 8 9These displays use SPI to communicate, 4 or 5 pins are required to 10interface 11 12Adafruit invests time and resources providing this open source code, 13please support Adafruit and open-source hardware by purchasing 14products from Adafruit! 15 16Written by Limor Fried/Ladyada for Adafruit Industries. 17BSD license, check license.txt for more information 18All text above, and the splash screen must be included in any redistribution 19*********************************************************************/ 20#ifndef _Adafruit_SSD1306_H_ 21#define _Adafruit_SSD1306_H_ 22 23#if ARDUINO >= 100 24 #include "Arduino.h" 25 #define WIRE_WRITE Wire.write 26#else 27 #include "WProgram.h" 28 #define WIRE_WRITE Wire.send 29#endif 30 31#if defined(__SAM3X8E__) 32 typedef volatile RwReg PortReg; 33 typedef uint32_t PortMask; 34 #define HAVE_PORTREG 35#elif defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_SAMD) 36// not supported 37#elif defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP32) || defined(ARDUINO_STM32_FEATHER) || defined(__arc__) 38 typedef volatile uint32_t PortReg; 39 typedef uint32_t PortMask; 40#elif defined(__AVR__) 41 typedef volatile uint8_t PortReg; 42 typedef uint8_t PortMask; 43 #define HAVE_PORTREG 44#else 45 // chances are its 32 bit so assume that 46 typedef volatile uint32_t PortReg; 47 typedef uint32_t PortMask; 48#endif 49 50#include <SPI.h> 51#include <Adafruit_GFX.h> 52 53#define BLACK 0 54#define WHITE 1 55#define INVERSE 2 56 57 58/*========================================================================= 59 SSD1306 Displays 60 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 61 The driver is used in multiple displays (128x64, 128x32, etc.). 62 Select the appropriate display below to create an appropriately 63 sized framebuffer, etc. 64 65 SSD1306_128_64 128x64 pixel display 66 67 SSD1306_128_32 128x32 pixel display 68 69 SSD1306_96_16 70 71 -----------------------------------------------------------------------*/ 72 73//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 74//modified by Giovanni Verrua. Change it if the display doesn't work 75#define SSD1306_I2C_ADDRESS 0x3C // 011110+SA0+RW - 0x3C or 0x3D 76// Address for 128x32 is 0x3C 77// Address for 128x64 is 0x3D (default) or 0x3C (if SA0 is grounded) 78 79 #define SSD1306_128_64 80// #define SSD1306_128_32 81// #define SSD1306_96_16 82//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 83 84 85 86/*=========================================================================*/ 87 88#if defined SSD1306_128_64 && defined SSD1306_128_32 89 #error "Only one SSD1306 display can be specified at once in SSD1306.h" 90#endif 91#if !defined SSD1306_128_64 && !defined SSD1306_128_32 && !defined SSD1306_96_16 92 #error "At least one SSD1306 display must be specified in SSD1306.h" 93#endif 94 95#if defined SSD1306_128_64 96 #define SSD1306_LCDWIDTH 128 97 #define SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT 64 98#endif 99#if defined SSD1306_128_32 100 #define SSD1306_LCDWIDTH 128 101 #define SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT 32 102#endif 103#if defined SSD1306_96_16 104 #define SSD1306_LCDWIDTH 96 105 #define SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT 16 106#endif 107 108#define SSD1306_SETCONTRAST 0x81 109#define SSD1306_DISPLAYALLON_RESUME 0xA4 110#define SSD1306_DISPLAYALLON 0xA5 111#define SSD1306_NORMALDISPLAY 0xA6 112#define SSD1306_INVERTDISPLAY 0xA7 113#define SSD1306_DISPLAYOFF 0xAE 114#define SSD1306_DISPLAYON 0xAF 115 116#define SSD1306_SETDISPLAYOFFSET 0xD3 117#define SSD1306_SETCOMPINS 0xDA 118 119#define SSD1306_SETVCOMDETECT 0xDB 120 121#define SSD1306_SETDISPLAYCLOCKDIV 0xD5 122#define SSD1306_SETPRECHARGE 0xD9 123 124#define SSD1306_SETMULTIPLEX 0xA8 125 126#define SSD1306_SETLOWCOLUMN 0x00 127#define SSD1306_SETHIGHCOLUMN 0x10 128 129#define SSD1306_SETSTARTLINE 0x40 130 131#define SSD1306_MEMORYMODE 0x20 132#define SSD1306_COLUMNADDR 0x21 133#define SSD1306_PAGEADDR 0x22 134 135#define SSD1306_COMSCANINC 0xC0 136#define SSD1306_COMSCANDEC 0xC8 137 138#define SSD1306_SEGREMAP 0xA0 139 140#define SSD1306_CHARGEPUMP 0x8D 141 142#define SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC 0x1 143#define SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC 0x2 144 145// Scrolling #defines 146#define SSD1306_ACTIVATE_SCROLL 0x2F 147#define SSD1306_DEACTIVATE_SCROLL 0x2E 148#define SSD1306_SET_VERTICAL_SCROLL_AREA 0xA3 149#define SSD1306_RIGHT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL 0x26 150#define SSD1306_LEFT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL 0x27 151#define SSD1306_VERTICAL_AND_RIGHT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL 0x29 152#define SSD1306_VERTICAL_AND_LEFT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL 0x2A 153 154class Adafruit_SSD1306 : public Adafruit_GFX { 155 public: 156 Adafruit_SSD1306(int8_t SID, int8_t SCLK, int8_t DC, int8_t RST, int8_t CS); 157 Adafruit_SSD1306(int8_t DC, int8_t RST, int8_t CS); 158 Adafruit_SSD1306(int8_t RST = -1); 159 160 void begin(uint8_t switchvcc = SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, uint8_t i2caddr = SSD1306_I2C_ADDRESS, bool reset=true); 161 void ssd1306_command(uint8_t c); 162 163 void clearDisplay(void); 164 void invertDisplay(uint8_t i); 165 void display(); 166 167 void startscrollright(uint8_t start, uint8_t stop); 168 void startscrollleft(uint8_t start, uint8_t stop); 169 170 void startscrolldiagright(uint8_t start, uint8_t stop); 171 void startscrolldiagleft(uint8_t start, uint8_t stop); 172 void stopscroll(void); 173 174 void dim(boolean dim); 175 176 void drawPixel(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t color); 177 178 virtual void drawFastVLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t h, uint16_t color); 179 virtual void drawFastHLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, uint16_t color); 180 181 private: 182 int8_t _i2caddr, _vccstate, sid, sclk, dc, rst, cs; 183 void fastSPIwrite(uint8_t c); 184 185 boolean hwSPI; 186#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG 187 PortReg *mosiport, *clkport, *csport, *dcport; 188 PortMask mosipinmask, clkpinmask, cspinmask, dcpinmask; 189#endif 190 191 inline void drawFastVLineInternal(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t h, uint16_t color) __attribute__((always_inline)); 192 inline void drawFastHLineInternal(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, uint16_t color) __attribute__((always_inline)); 193 194}; 195 196#endif /* _Adafruit_SSD1306_H_ */ 197
TicTacToe - OLED version
arduino
This is the sketch for the OLED display version.
1/************************************************************************** 2 * 3 * TicTacToe - Oled 4 * 5 * It requires an Arduino Nano, Uno, Mini Pro 6 * 7 * Hardware connections: 8 * DISPLAY - Arduino Nano/Uno 9 * GND - GND 10 * VDD - 3.3V depending on your model 11 * SCL - A5 12 * SDA - A4 13 * 14 * Arduino pin 2 <-- button MOVE <--+----- +3.3V or +5V 15 * Arduino pin 3 <-- button OK <--+ 16 * 17 * Note: connect two 10...100 kohm pulldown resistors: pin 2 -> GND; pin 3 -> GND 18 * 19 * Install the Adafruit SSD1306 libraries 20 * by Arduino IDE, menu Tools -> Manage Libraries 21 * 22 * apr/2022, Giovanni Verrua 23**************************************************************************/ 24 25//including the needed libraries for the OLED display 26#include <SPI.h> 27#include <Wire.h> 28#include <Adafruit_GFX.h> 29#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h> 30 31#define BUTTON_MOVE 2 32#define BUTTON_OK 3 33 34// Declaration for an SSD1306 display connected to I2C (SDA, SCL pins) 35#define OLED_RESET 4 // Reset pin # (or -1 if sharing Arduino reset pin) 36Adafruit_SSD1306 display(128, 64, &Wire, OLED_RESET); 37 38 39int gameStatus = 0; 40int whosplaying = 0; //0 = Arduino, 1 = Human 41 42int winner = -1; //-1 = Playing, 0 = Draw, 1 = Human, 2 = CPU 43 44 45int board[]={0,0,0, 46 0,0,0, 47 0,0,0}; //0 = blank, 1 = human (circle), 2 = computer (cross) 48 49 50 51 52 53 54//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55void playhuman() { 56 57 int humanMove = 0; 58 59 bool stayInLoop = true; 60 bool showDot = false; 61 long timerPos = millis()-1000; 62 63 64 while (stayInLoop) { //stay in loop until the player makes his/her choice hitting the OK button. 65 66 //If the current "?" position isn't avaliable (the cell value is 1 or 2), this loop will 67 //move the "?" to the next free cell. 68 //NOTE: there must be at least one empty cell (or it will never exit from this loop [deadlock]). 69 //This is granted, because if all the cells are used, there's a winner or it's a draft. 70 //(the calling function [loop function] check it before to continue). 71 72 while (board[humanMove] != 0) { //looking for an empty cell. 73 humanMove ++; 74 if (humanMove >8) humanMove = 0; 75 } 76 77 //--------------------------------------------------\\- 78 //this makes the flashing "?" possible. Every 200 milliseconds the IF condition becomes true and it will toogle the 79 //showDot variable between True and False (and reset the timerPos value at the current millis() value. 80 if (timerPos + 200 < millis()) { 81 timerPos = millis(); 82 showDot = !showDot; 83 playhuman_showpos( humanMove, showDot); //calling the function that will draw (or delete) the "?" 84 } 85 //--------------------------------------------------/- 86 87 if (digitalRead(BUTTON_MOVE)==HIGH) { //the player hit the MOVE button. 88 playhuman_showpos( humanMove, false); //delete the marker 89 humanMove ++; //move the "?" to the next cell. 90 91 while (digitalRead(BUTTON_MOVE)==HIGH); //debounce 92 93 bool showDot = false; //this two lines make sure the "?" is displayed 94 long timerPos =-1000; //at the first round. 95 } 96 97 if (digitalRead(BUTTON_OK )==HIGH) stayInLoop = false; //the player hit the OK button and made his/her choice. 98 99 delay(100); //required for a correct display. 100 } 101 102 board[humanMove] = 1; //let's assign the chosen cell to the player. 103 104 105} 106 107//------------------------------------------------------------------ 108 109void playhuman_showpos(int humanMove, bool showDot) { //this function draw a flashing "?" (white = draw, black = delete) 110 111 display.setTextSize(2); 112 if (humanMove == 0) display.setCursor( 5, 5); 113 else if (humanMove == 1) display.setCursor(25, 5); 114 else if (humanMove == 2) display.setCursor(45, 5); 115 else if (humanMove == 3) display.setCursor( 5,25); 116 else if (humanMove == 4) display.setCursor(25,25); 117 else if (humanMove == 5) display.setCursor(45,25); 118 else if (humanMove == 6) display.setCursor( 5,45); 119 else if (humanMove == 7) display.setCursor(25,45); 120 else if (humanMove == 8) display.setCursor(45,45); 121 122 //if (showDot) {display.setTextColor(WHITE);display.print("?");} else {display.setTextColor(BLACK);display.print("?");} 123 if (showDot) display.setTextColor(WHITE); else display.setTextColor(BLACK); 124 125 display.print("?"); 126 display.display(); 127} 128 129 130//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 131void playcpu() { 132 133 //NOTE: The player has almost no chance to win, since the cpu will check every possible move. 134 // Actually the only way to beat the cpu is to have two winning move at the same time. 135 136 //The CPU has no real strategy, actually; it just prevents the player to win and put an "X" if it has 137 //a possible winning move. If no winning move are possible, it just put an "X" into a random place. 138 //It could seems a stupid AI, however you will see the CPU will play rather well and it will be 139 //hard to beat it. 140 141 int cpumove = checkboard(2); //2 = cpu let's check if there's a cpu's winner move 142 143 if (cpumove >=0) { 144 board[cpumove] = 2; //cpu's winner move 145 } 146 else { 147 cpumove = checkboard(1); //1=player check if the player has a chance to win (2 circles and an empty cell in a row) 148 if (cpumove >=0) { 149 board[cpumove] = 2; //this move will break the player's winner move 150 } 151 152 //there's no possible winner move neither for the cpu, nor for the human;: the CPU will put an "X" in a random cell 153 while (cpumove < 0) { //looking for a random, empty cell. 154 int randomMove = random(10); 155 if (randomMove >=0 && randomMove <=8 && board[randomMove] == 0) { 156 cpumove = randomMove; 157 } 158 } 159 board[cpumove] = 2; //let's assign the empty cell to the CPU 160 } 161} 162 163 164//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 165int checkboard(int x){ //x = 1 -> player, x = 2 -> cpu 166 167 //this function checks if the next move can be the winning move and return the cell that will 168 //win the game. It's used by the CPU to decide if it can win or if the player is going to win 169 //(and placing an "X" to prevent this chance). 170 //if no move wins the game, it returns -1 171 //the board[] index is 0 1 2 172 // 3 4 5 173 // 6 7 8 174 175 176 if (board[0]==0 && board[1]==x && board[2]==x) return 0; // 0 1 1 177 // . . . 178 // . . . 179 180 else if (board[0]==x && board[1]==0 && board[2]==x) return 1; // 1 0 1 181 // . . . 182 // . . . 183 184 else if (board[0]==x && board[1]==x && board[2]==0) return 2; // 1 1 0 185 // . . . 186 // . . . 187 //------------------------------------------------- 188 else if (board[3]==0 && board[4]==x && board[5]==x) return 3; // . . . 189 // 0 1 1 190 // . . . 191 192 else if (board[3]==x && board[4]==0 && board[5]==x) return 4; // . . . 193 // 1 0 1 194 // . . . 195 196 else if (board[3]==x && board[4]==x && board[5]==0) return 5; // . . . 197 // 1 1 0 198 // . . . 199 //------------------------------------------------- 200 else if (board[6]==0 && board[7]==x && board[8]==x) return 6; // . . . 201 // . . . 202 // 0 1 1 203 204 else if (board[6]==x && board[7]==0 && board[8]==x) return 7; // . . . 205 // . . . 206 // 1 0 1 207 208 else if (board[6]==x && board[7]==x && board[8]==0) return 8; // . . . 209 // . . . 210 // 1 1 0 211 212 //------------------------------------------------- 213 else if (board[0]==0 && board[3]==x && board[6]==x) return 0; // 0 . . 214 // 1 . . 215 // 1 . . 216 217 else if (board[0]==x && board[3]==0 && board[6]==x) return 3; // 1 . . 218 // 0 . . 219 // 1 . . 220 221 else if (board[0]==x && board[3]==x && board[6]==0) return 6; // 1 . . 222 // 1 . . 223 // 0 . . 224 225 //------------------------------------------------- 226 else if (board[1]==0 && board[4]==x && board[7]==x) return 1; // . 0 . 227 // . 1 . 228 // . 1 . 229 230 else if (board[1]==x && board[4]==0 && board[7]==x) return 4; // . 1 . 231 // . 0 . 232 // . 1 . 233 234 else if (board[1]==x && board[4]==x && board[7]==0) return 7; // . 1 . 235 // . 1 . 236 // . 0 . 237 238 //------------------------------------------------- 239 else if (board[2]==0 && board[5]==x && board[8]==x) return 2; // . . 0 240 // . . 1 241 // . . 1 242 243 else if (board[2]==x && board[5]==0 && board[8]==x) return 5; // . . 1 244 // . . 0 245 // . . 1 246 247 else if (board[2]==x && board[5]==x && board[8]==0) return 8; // . . 1 248 // . . 1 249 // . . 0 250 251 //------------------------------------------------- 252 else if (board[0]==0 && board[4]==x && board[8]==x) return 0; // 0 . . 253 // . 1 . 254 // . . 1 255 256 else if (board[0]==x && board[4]==0 && board[8]==x) return 4; // 1 . . 257 // . 0 . 258 // . . 1 259 260 else if (board[0]==x && board[4]==x && board[8]==0) return 8; // 1 . . 261 // . 1 . 262 // . . 0 263 264 //------------------------------------------------- 265 else if (board[2]==0 && board[4]==x && board[6]==x) return 2; // . . 0 266 // . 1 . 267 // 1 . . 268 269 else if (board[2]==x && board[4]==0 && board[6]==x) return 4; // . . 1 270 // . 0 . 271 // 1 . . 272 273 else if (board[2]==x && board[4]==x && board[6]==0) return 6; // . . 1 274 // . 1 . 275 // 0 . . 276 277 else return -1; 278} 279 280 281//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 282void checkWinner() { //check the board to see if there is a winner 283 284 winner = 3; //3=draft, 1= winner->player, 2=winner->cpu 285 286 // circles win? 287 if (board[0]==1 && board[1]==1 && board[2]==1) winner=1; 288 else if (board[3]==1 && board[4]==1 && board[5]==1) winner=1; 289 else if (board[6]==1 && board[7]==1 && board[8]==1) winner=1; 290 else if (board[0]==1 && board[3]==1 && board[6]==1) winner=1; 291 else if (board[1]==1 && board[4]==1 && board[7]==1) winner=1; 292 else if (board[2]==1 && board[5]==1 && board[8]==1) winner=1; 293 else if (board[0]==1 && board[4]==1 && board[8]==1) winner=1; 294 else if (board[2]==1 && board[4]==1 && board[6]==1) winner=1; 295 296 // crosses win? 297 else if (board[0]==2 && board[1]==2 && board[2]==2) winner=2; 298 else if (board[3]==2 && board[4]==2 && board[5]==2) winner=2; 299 else if (board[6]==2 && board[7]==2 && board[8]==2) winner=2; 300 else if (board[0]==2 && board[3]==2 && board[6]==2) winner=2; 301 else if (board[1]==2 && board[4]==2 && board[7]==2) winner=2; 302 else if (board[2]==2 && board[5]==2 && board[8]==2) winner=2; 303 else if (board[0]==2 && board[4]==2 && board[8]==2) winner=2; 304 else if (board[2]==2 && board[4]==2 && board[6]==2) winner=2; 305 306 if (winner == 3) { 307 for(int i=0;i<9;i++) if (board[i]==0) winner=0; //there are some empty cells yet. 308 } 309 310 311} 312 313//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 314 315void resetGame() { 316 317 for(int i=0;i<9;i++) board[i]=0; //Resetting the board. 0 = empty cell, 1 = player circle, 2 = CPU cross 318 319 winner = 0; 320 gameStatus = 0; 321 322} 323 324//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 325 326void boardDrawing() { 327 328 display.clearDisplay(); 329 display.setTextColor(WHITE); 330 331 display.drawFastHLine(0, 21, 64, WHITE); //horizontal lines 332 display.drawFastHLine(0, 42, 64, WHITE); 333 334 display.drawFastVLine(21, 0, 64, WHITE); //vertical lines 335 display.drawFastVLine(42, 0, 64, WHITE); 336 337 //drawing the content of the nine cells: " ", "o", "x" 338 display.setTextSize(2); 339 display.setCursor( 5, 5); display.print(charBoard(0)); display.setCursor(25, 5); display.print(charBoard(1)); display.setCursor(45, 5); display.print(charBoard(2)); 340 display.setCursor( 5,25); display.print(charBoard(3)); display.setCursor(25,25); display.print(charBoard(4)); display.setCursor(45,25); display.print(charBoard(5)); 341 display.setCursor( 5,45); display.print(charBoard(6)); display.setCursor(25,45); display.print(charBoard(7)); display.setCursor(45,45); display.print(charBoard(8)); 342 display.display(); 343 344 delay(200); //DON'T REMOVE!!!! needed for correct refresh and further flashing "?" when it's the player turn!!! 345} 346 347//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 348String charBoard(int x) { 349 if (board[x] == 0) return " "; 350 if (board[x] == 1) return "o"; 351 if (board[x] == 2) return "x"; 352 353 return "?"; //error trap; but it's impossible it can return an "?" because the board[] array is all initialized = 0 354} 355 356//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 357void setup() { //function executed once, at every boot or reset. 358 359 randomSeed(analogRead(0)); //resetting the random function behavior. 360 361 pinMode(BUTTON_MOVE,INPUT); //Declaring the pin #2 as input (connected to the button move) 362 pinMode(BUTTON_OK ,INPUT); //Declaring the pin #3 as input (connected to the button ok) 363 364//display.begin(); //if the display doesn't work with the below instruction, 365//display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3D); //try one of these two ones. 366 display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C); 367 368 delay(500); //needed for display correct initializing 369 display.clearDisplay(); //clearing the display 370 display.setTextColor(WHITE); //setting the display color 371 display.display(); //executing the above instructions. The SSD1306 dislay will not execute any command until to use the ::display() command. 372 373 whosplaying = 2; //deciding who's the first player. Set = 2 to force it entering in the following while loop. 374 while ( whosplaying <0 || whosplaying > 1) whosplaying = random(2); //it will stay in the loop until whosplaying isn't = 0 or = 1. Probably there's no 375 //need for a loop, since random(2) should return 0 or 1, but I'm an old programmer, 376 //I've seen many strange things in my programmer life and I like to be sure ;-) 377} 378 379 380//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 381void loop() { //main loop. Endlessly executed by Arduino. 382 383 if (gameStatus == 0){ //this is where I always put a menu in the Arduino games I wrote. We don't need a menu here, so it's just a reset step. 384 resetGame(); 385 boardDrawing(); //drawing an empty board 386 gameStatus = 1; //starting the game (see below) 387 winner = 0; //no winner for now (winner = 1: player, winner = 2: cpu). 388 } 389 390 //--------------------------------------------- 391 392 if (gameStatus == 1){ //starting the game 393 394 while (winner == 0) { //game main loop: loop until no one wins the match. 395 396 display.setTextSize(2); 397 398 if (whosplaying == 0) { //whosplaying = 0: cpu turn 399 400 display.setCursor( 72,25); display.print("CPU"); 401 display.display(); 402 delay(1000); 403 404 playcpu(); //in this function the CPU play its move. 405 406 whosplaying =1; //changing the turn. 407 } 408 else { 409 410 display.setCursor( 72,25); display.print("You"); 411 display.display(); 412 413 playhuman(); //in this function the player makes his/her move. 414 415 whosplaying =0; //changing the turn. 416 } 417 418 boardDrawing(); //refreshing the board with all the moves already done. 419 delay(500); 420 421 checkWinner(); //this will check if there's a winner and assign the winner variable 422 423 if (winner > 0) { 424 425 426 if (winner == 3) { 427 display.setTextSize(2); display.setCursor( 68, 25); 428 display.print("Draft"); 429 } 430 else { 431 //showing who's the winner 432 display.setTextSize(2); display.setCursor( 72, 25); 433 if (winner == 1) { Serial.println(F("You")); display.print("You"); display.setCursor( 72, 45); display.print("win"); } 434 else { Serial.println(F("CPU")); display.print("CPU"); display.setCursor( 72, 45); display.print("wins");} 435 436 } 437 display.display(); 438 delay(1000); 439 440 //debounce loop. It will not proceed until both buttons are unpressed. 441 while (digitalRead(BUTTON_MOVE)==LOW && digitalRead(BUTTON_OK )==LOW); 442 443 } 444 445 //display.display(); 446 447 } 448 449 //swap the first move for the next match between CPU and human (one per match) 450 if (whosplaying == 0) whosplaying =1; else whosplaying =0; 451 452 gameStatus = 0; //entering the reset step 453 delay(1000); //just wait a second 454 455 } 456 457} 458 459 460 461
TicTacToe - Serial Monitor version
arduino
This sketch requires the Arduino board only. You can play using the Arduino IDE serial monitor
1/************************************************************************** 2 * 3 * TicTacToe - Serial monitor version. 4 * Note: the OLED version code is better described; if you have any 5 * doubt about any instruction, please take a look to that version. 6 * 7 * It only requires an Arduino (tested with Nano and Uno, but it 8 * should work with (almost?) any Arduino and other clones 9 * 10 * To use it, you need to connect the Arduino to USB and call the 11 * Serial monitor from inside Arduino IDE: Menu tools -> serial monitor 12 * (or pressing Ctrl + Shift + M) 13 * 14 * Move using the 1...9 keys (plus Enter) from inside the Serial Monitor: 15 * 16 * 1 | 2 | 3 17 * ---+---+--- 18 * 4 | 5 | 6 19 * ---+---+--- 20 * 7 | 8 | 9 21 * 22 * Giovanni Verrua, april 2022 23**************************************************************************/ 24 25 26int gameStatus = 0; 27int whosplaying = 0; //0 = Arduino, 1 = Human 28 29int winner = -1; //-1 = Playing, 0 = Draw, 1 = Human, 2 = CPU 30 31 32int board[]={0,0,0, 33 0,0,0, 34 0,0,0}; //0 = blank, 1 = human (circle), 2 = computer (cross) 35 36 37 38 39 40//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41void playhuman() { 42 43 int humanMove = -1; 44 bool stayInLoop = true; 45 46 while (stayInLoop) { 47 48 Serial.println(F("\ 49Make your move\ 50")); 51 52 while (Serial.available() && Serial.read()); // empty buffer 53 while (!Serial.available()); // wait for data 54 55 if (Serial.available()) { //data available. 56 57 int humanMove = Serial.read() - 48; //serial.read() return the ascii value of the pressed key. The "1" ascii value is 49. 58 59 Serial.println(humanMove); 60 61 if (humanMove >=0 && humanMove <=9) { 62 63 if (board[humanMove-1] !=0) { 64 Serial.println(F("\ 65Error - Cell already in use")); 66 stayInLoop = true; 67 } 68 else { 69 stayInLoop = false; 70 board[humanMove-1] = 1; //remember: the player uses the 1..9 keys, but the array index starts by 0 (9 cells = 0..8) 71 } 72 } 73 else { 74 Serial.println(F("\ 75type error (just 1 to 9)")); 76 stayInLoop = true; 77 } 78 79 } 80 } 81 82 83 84 85} 86 87 88//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 89void playcpu() { 90 91 int cpumove = checkboard(2); //2 = cpu let's check if there's a cpu's winner move 92 93 if (cpumove >=0) { 94 board[cpumove] = 2; //cpu's winner move 95 } 96 else { 97 cpumove = checkboard(1); //1=player check if the player has a chance to win (2 circles and an empty cell in a row) 98 if (cpumove >=0) { 99 board[cpumove] = 2; //this move will break the player's winner move 100 } 101 102 //there's no possible winner move neither for the cpu, nor for the human, I will put an "X" in a random cell 103 while (cpumove < 0) { 104 int randomMove = random(10); 105 if (randomMove >=0 && randomMove <=8 && board[randomMove] == 0) { 106 cpumove = randomMove; 107 } 108 } 109 board[cpumove] = 2; 110 } 111} 112 113 114//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 115int checkboard(int x){ //x = 1 -> player, x = 2 -> cpu 116 117//full case 118 119 if (board[0]==0 && board[1]==x && board[2]==x) return 0; // 0 1 1 120 // . . . 121 // . . . 122 123 else if (board[0]==x && board[1]==0 && board[2]==x) return 1; // 1 0 1 124 // . . . 125 // . . . 126 127 else if (board[0]==x && board[1]==x && board[2]==0) return 2; // 1 1 0 128 // . . . 129 // . . . 130 //------------------------------------------------- 131 else if (board[3]==0 && board[4]==x && board[5]==x) return 3; // . . . 132 // 0 1 1 133 // . . . 134 135 else if (board[3]==x && board[4]==0 && board[5]==x) return 4; // . . . 136 // 1 0 1 137 // . . . 138 139 else if (board[3]==x && board[4]==x && board[5]==0) return 5; // . . . 140 // 1 1 0 141 // . . . 142 //------------------------------------------------- 143 else if (board[6]==0 && board[7]==x && board[8]==x) return 6; // . . . 144 // . . . 145 // 0 1 1 146 147 else if (board[6]==x && board[7]==0 && board[8]==x) return 7; // . . . 148 // . . . 149 // 1 0 1 150 151 else if (board[6]==x && board[7]==x && board[8]==0) return 8; // . . . 152 // . . . 153 // 1 1 0 154 155 //------------------------------------------------- 156 else if (board[0]==0 && board[3]==x && board[6]==x) return 0; // 0 . . 157 // 1 . . 158 // 1 . . 159 160 else if (board[0]==x && board[3]==0 && board[6]==x) return 3; // 1 . . 161 // 0 . . 162 // 1 . . 163 164 else if (board[0]==x && board[3]==x && board[6]==0) return 6; // 1 . . 165 // 1 . . 166 // 0 . . 167 168 //------------------------------------------------- 169 else if (board[1]==0 && board[4]==x && board[7]==x) return 1; // . 0 . 170 // . 1 . 171 // . 1 . 172 173 else if (board[1]==x && board[4]==0 && board[7]==x) return 4; // . 1 . 174 // . 0 . 175 // . 1 . 176 177 else if (board[1]==x && board[4]==x && board[7]==0) return 7; // . 1 . 178 // . 1 . 179 // . 0 . 180 181 //------------------------------------------------- 182 else if (board[2]==0 && board[5]==x && board[8]==x) return 2; // . . 0 183 // . . 1 184 // . . 1 185 186 else if (board[2]==x && board[5]==0 && board[8]==x) return 5; // . . 1 187 // . . 0 188 // . . 1 189 190 else if (board[2]==x && board[5]==x && board[8]==0) return 8; // . . 1 191 // . . 1 192 // . . 0 193 194 //------------------------------------------------- 195 else if (board[0]==0 && board[4]==x && board[8]==x) return 0; // 0 . . 196 // . 1 . 197 // . . 1 198 199 else if (board[0]==x && board[4]==0 && board[8]==x) return 4; // 1 . . 200 // . 0 . 201 // . . 1 202 203 else if (board[0]==x && board[4]==x && board[8]==0) return 8; // 1 . . 204 // . 1 . 205 // . . 0 206 207 //------------------------------------------------- 208 else if (board[2]==0 && board[4]==x && board[6]==x) return 2; // . . 0 209 // . 1 . 210 // 1 . . 211 212 else if (board[2]==x && board[4]==0 && board[6]==x) return 4; // . . 1 213 // . 0 . 214 // 1 . . 215 216 else if (board[2]==x && board[4]==x && board[6]==0) return 6; // . . 1 217 // . 1 . 218 // 0 . . 219 220 else return -1; 221} 222 223 224//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 225 226 227void checkWinner() { //check the board to see if there is a winner 228 229 winner = 3; //3=draft, 1= winner->player, 2=winner->cpu 230 231 // circles win? 232 if (board[0]==1 && board[1]==1 && board[2]==1) winner=1; 233 else if (board[3]==1 && board[4]==1 && board[5]==1) winner=1; 234 else if (board[6]==1 && board[7]==1 && board[8]==1) winner=1; 235 else if (board[0]==1 && board[3]==1 && board[6]==1) winner=1; 236 else if (board[1]==1 && board[4]==1 && board[7]==1) winner=1; 237 else if (board[2]==1 && board[5]==1 && board[8]==1) winner=1; 238 else if (board[0]==1 && board[4]==1 && board[8]==1) winner=1; 239 else if (board[2]==1 && board[4]==1 && board[6]==1) winner=1; 240 241 // crosses win? 242 else if (board[0]==2 && board[1]==2 && board[2]==2) winner=2; 243 else if (board[3]==2 && board[4]==2 && board[5]==2) winner=2; 244 else if (board[6]==2 && board[7]==2 && board[8]==2) winner=2; 245 else if (board[0]==2 && board[3]==2 && board[6]==2) winner=2; 246 else if (board[1]==2 && board[4]==2 && board[7]==2) winner=2; 247 else if (board[2]==2 && board[5]==2 && board[8]==2) winner=2; 248 else if (board[0]==2 && board[4]==2 && board[8]==2) winner=2; 249 else if (board[2]==2 && board[4]==2 && board[6]==2) winner=2; 250 251 if (winner == 3) { 252 for(int i=0;i<9;i++) if (board[i]==0) winner=0; //there are some empty cell yet. 253 } 254 255 256} 257 258//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 259 260void resetGame() { 261 Serial.println("Resetting game..."); 262 for(int i=0;i<9;i++) board[i]=0; 263 winner = 0; 264 gameStatus = 0; 265 266} 267 268//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 269 270void boardDrawing() { 271 272 Serial.println(""); 273 Serial.print(F(" ")); Serial.print(charBoard(0)); Serial.print(F(" | ")); Serial.print(charBoard(1)); Serial.print(F(" | ")); Serial.println(charBoard(2)); 274 Serial.println(F(" ---+---+---")); 275 Serial.print(F(" ")); Serial.print(charBoard(3)); Serial.print(F(" | ")); Serial.print(charBoard(4)); Serial.print(F(" | ")); Serial.println(charBoard(5)); 276 Serial.println(F(" ---+---+---")); 277 Serial.print(F(" ")); Serial.print(charBoard(6)); Serial.print(F(" | ")); Serial.print(charBoard(7)); Serial.print(F(" | ")); Serial.println(charBoard(8)); 278 Serial.println(""); 279 280} 281 282 283 284//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 285String charBoard(int x) { 286 if (board[x] == 0) return " "; 287 if (board[x] == 1) return "o"; 288 if (board[x] == 2) return "x"; 289 290 return "?"; //error trap; it shouldn't pass here. 291} 292 293 294//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 295void setup() { 296 297 Serial.begin(9600); 298 299 randomSeed(analogRead(0)); //resetting the random function. 300 301} 302 303 304//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 305void loop() { 306 307 308 if (gameStatus == 0){ 309 Serial.println(F("Let's begin...")); 310 311 whosplaying = 2; 312 while ( whosplaying <0 || whosplaying > 1) { 313 whosplaying = random(2); 314 } 315 316 gameStatus = 1; 317 winner = 0; 318 } 319 320 //--------------------------------------------- 321 322 if (gameStatus == 1){ //start 323 324 if (whosplaying == 1) boardDrawing(); 325 326 327 while (winner == 0) { //game main loop 328 329 if (whosplaying == 0) { 330 Serial.println("CPU turn:"); 331 playcpu(); 332 whosplaying =1; 333 } 334 else { 335 Serial.println("Player turn:"); 336 playhuman(); 337 whosplaying =0; 338 } 339 340 boardDrawing(); 341 checkWinner(); //this will assign the winner variable 342 343 if (winner > 0) { 344 Serial.println(""); 345 if (winner == 3) Serial.print(F("Draft!")); 346 else { 347 Serial.print(F("The winner is ")); 348 if (winner == 1) Serial.println(F("the human")); else Serial.println(F("the CPU")); 349 } 350 351 } 352 353 } 354 resetGame(); 355 Serial.println(""); 356 delay(2000); 357 Serial.println(""); 358 } 359 360} 361 362 363 364
Display Source Code (.cpp)
arduino
download and add these two files to the sketch folder if you display doesn't work.
1/********************************************************************* 2This is a library for our Monochrome OLEDs based on SSD1306 drivers 3 4 Pick one up today in the adafruit shop! 5 ------> http://www.adafruit.com/category/63_98 6 7These displays use SPI to communicate, 4 or 5 pins are required to 8interface 9 10Adafruit invests time and resources providing this open source code, 11please support Adafruit and open-source hardware by purchasing 12products from Adafruit! 13 14Written by Limor Fried/Ladyada for Adafruit Industries. 15BSD license, check license.txt for more information 16All text above, and the splash screen below must be included in any redistribution 17*********************************************************************/ 18 19#ifdef __AVR__ 20 #include <avr/pgmspace.h> 21#elif defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP32) 22 #include <pgmspace.h> 23#else 24 #define pgm_read_byte(addr) (*(const unsigned char *)(addr)) 25#endif 26 27#if !defined(__ARM_ARCH) && !defined(ENERGIA) && !defined(ESP8266) && !defined(ESP32) && !defined(__arc__) 28 #include <util/delay.h> 29#endif 30 31#include <stdlib.h> 32 33#include <Wire.h> 34#include <SPI.h> 35#include "Adafruit_GFX.h" 36#include "Adafruit_SSD1306.h" 37 38// the memory buffer for the LCD 39 40static uint8_t buffer[SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT * SSD1306_LCDWIDTH / 8] = { 410x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 420x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 430x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 440x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 450x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 460x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 470x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 480x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 490x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 500x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF8, 0xFC, 0xF8, 0xE0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 510x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 520x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0xFF, 53#if (SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT * SSD1306_LCDWIDTH > 96*16) 540xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 550x80, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 560x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x8C, 0x8E, 0x84, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xF8, 570xF8, 0xF8, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 580xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xE0, 0xE0, 0xC0, 0x80, 590x00, 0xE0, 0xFC, 0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 600x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFF, 0xC7, 0x01, 0x01, 610x01, 0x01, 0x83, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xFE, 0xC7, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x83, 0xFF, 620xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x38, 0xFE, 0xC7, 0x83, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x83, 0xC7, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 630x01, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x07, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7F, 0xFF, 640x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xFF, 650xFF, 0xFF, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 660x03, 0x0F, 0x3F, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xE7, 0xC7, 0xC7, 0x8F, 670x8F, 0x9F, 0xBF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xC3, 0xC0, 0xF0, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFC, 0xFC, 0xFC, 680xFC, 0xFC, 0xFC, 0xFC, 0xFC, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xE0, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 690x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 700x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 710x00, 0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 720x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 730x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 74#if (SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT == 64) 750x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF9, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x3F, 0x1F, 0x0F, 760x87, 0xC7, 0xF7, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x3D, 0xFC, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0x7C, 0x7D, 0xFF, 770xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0x3F, 0x0F, 0x07, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 780x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 790x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 800x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xE0, 0xC0, 0x00, 810x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 820x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 830x00, 0xC0, 0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0x3F, 0x1F, 840x0F, 0x07, 0x1F, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFE, 0xF8, 0xE0, 850x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 860x00, 0xFC, 0xFE, 0xFC, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x06, 0x0E, 0xFC, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF0, 0xF8, 0x1C, 0x0E, 870x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x0C, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 880xFE, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0x66, 0xE6, 0xCE, 0x84, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x06, 890x06, 0xFC, 0xFE, 0xFC, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC0, 0xF8, 900xFC, 0x4E, 0x46, 0x46, 0x46, 0x4E, 0x7C, 0x78, 0x40, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x76, 0xE6, 0xCE, 0xCC, 0x80, 910x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 920x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x07, 0x0F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x1F, 0x0F, 0x03, 930x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 940x00, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x07, 0x0E, 0x0C, 950x18, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x0F, 0x0E, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x0F, 960x07, 0x01, 0x00, 0x04, 0x0E, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x0F, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x00, 970x00, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 980x07, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x1C, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x06, 0x00, 0x04, 0x0E, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x0F, 0x07, 990x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 1000x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 1010x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 1020x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 1030x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 1040x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 1050x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 1060x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 107#endif 108#endif 109}; 110 111#define ssd1306_swap(a, b) { int16_t t = a; a = b; b = t; } 112 113// the most basic function, set a single pixel 114void Adafruit_SSD1306::drawPixel(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t color) { 115 if ((x < 0) || (x >= width()) || (y < 0) || (y >= height())) 116 return; 117 118 // check rotation, move pixel around if necessary 119 switch (getRotation()) { 120 case 1: 121 ssd1306_swap(x, y); 122 x = WIDTH - x - 1; 123 break; 124 case 2: 125 x = WIDTH - x - 1; 126 y = HEIGHT - y - 1; 127 break; 128 case 3: 129 ssd1306_swap(x, y); 130 y = HEIGHT - y - 1; 131 break; 132 } 133 134 // x is which column 135 switch (color) 136 { 137 case WHITE: buffer[x+ (y/8)*SSD1306_LCDWIDTH] |= (1 << (y&7)); break; 138 case BLACK: buffer[x+ (y/8)*SSD1306_LCDWIDTH] &= ~(1 << (y&7)); break; 139 case INVERSE: buffer[x+ (y/8)*SSD1306_LCDWIDTH] ^= (1 << (y&7)); break; 140 } 141 142} 143 144Adafruit_SSD1306::Adafruit_SSD1306(int8_t SID, int8_t SCLK, int8_t DC, int8_t RST, int8_t CS) : Adafruit_GFX(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH, SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT) { 145 cs = CS; 146 rst = RST; 147 dc = DC; 148 sclk = SCLK; 149 sid = SID; 150 hwSPI = false; 151} 152 153// constructor for hardware SPI - we indicate DataCommand, ChipSelect, Reset 154Adafruit_SSD1306::Adafruit_SSD1306(int8_t DC, int8_t RST, int8_t CS) : Adafruit_GFX(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH, SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT) { 155 dc = DC; 156 rst = RST; 157 cs = CS; 158 hwSPI = true; 159} 160 161// initializer for I2C - we only indicate the reset pin! 162Adafruit_SSD1306::Adafruit_SSD1306(int8_t reset) : 163Adafruit_GFX(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH, SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT) { 164 sclk = dc = cs = sid = -1; 165 rst = reset; 166} 167 168 169void Adafruit_SSD1306::begin(uint8_t vccstate, uint8_t i2caddr, bool reset) { 170 _vccstate = vccstate; 171 _i2caddr = i2caddr; 172 173 // set pin directions 174 if (sid != -1){ 175 pinMode(dc, OUTPUT); 176 pinMode(cs, OUTPUT); 177#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG 178 csport = portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(cs)); 179 cspinmask = digitalPinToBitMask(cs); 180 dcport = portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(dc)); 181 dcpinmask = digitalPinToBitMask(dc); 182#endif 183 if (!hwSPI){ 184 // set pins for software-SPI 185 pinMode(sid, OUTPUT); 186 pinMode(sclk, OUTPUT); 187#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG 188 clkport = portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(sclk)); 189 clkpinmask = digitalPinToBitMask(sclk); 190 mosiport = portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(sid)); 191 mosipinmask = digitalPinToBitMask(sid); 192#endif 193 } 194 if (hwSPI){ 195 SPI.begin(); 196#ifdef SPI_HAS_TRANSACTION 197 SPI.beginTransaction(SPISettings(8000000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0)); 198#else 199 SPI.setClockDivider (4); 200#endif 201 } 202 } 203 else 204 { 205 // I2C Init 206 Wire.begin(); 207#ifdef __SAM3X8E__ 208 // Force 400 KHz I2C, rawr! (Uses pins 20, 21 for SDA, SCL) 209 TWI1->TWI_CWGR = 0; 210 TWI1->TWI_CWGR = ((VARIANT_MCK / (2 * 400000)) - 4) * 0x101; 211#endif 212 } 213 if ((reset) && (rst >= 0)) { 214 // Setup reset pin direction (used by both SPI and I2C) 215 pinMode(rst, OUTPUT); 216 digitalWrite(rst, HIGH); 217 // VDD (3.3V) goes high at start, lets just chill for a ms 218 delay(1); 219 // bring reset low 220 digitalWrite(rst, LOW); 221 // wait 10ms 222 delay(10); 223 // bring out of reset 224 digitalWrite(rst, HIGH); 225 // turn on VCC (9V?) 226 } 227 228 // Init sequence 229 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_DISPLAYOFF); // 0xAE 230 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETDISPLAYCLOCKDIV); // 0xD5 231 ssd1306_command(0x80); // the suggested ratio 0x80 232 233 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETMULTIPLEX); // 0xA8 234 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT - 1); 235 236 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETDISPLAYOFFSET); // 0xD3 237 ssd1306_command(0x0); // no offset 238 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETSTARTLINE | 0x0); // line #0 239 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_CHARGEPUMP); // 0x8D 240 if (vccstate == SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC) 241 { ssd1306_command(0x10); } 242 else 243 { ssd1306_command(0x14); } 244 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_MEMORYMODE); // 0x20 245 ssd1306_command(0x00); // 0x0 act like ks0108 246 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SEGREMAP | 0x1); 247 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_COMSCANDEC); 248 249 #if defined SSD1306_128_32 250 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCOMPINS); // 0xDA 251 ssd1306_command(0x02); 252 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCONTRAST); // 0x81 253 ssd1306_command(0x8F); 254 255#elif defined SSD1306_128_64 256 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCOMPINS); // 0xDA 257 ssd1306_command(0x12); 258 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCONTRAST); // 0x81 259 if (vccstate == SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC) 260 { ssd1306_command(0x9F); } 261 else 262 { ssd1306_command(0xCF); } 263 264#elif defined SSD1306_96_16 265 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCOMPINS); // 0xDA 266 ssd1306_command(0x2); //ada x12 267 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCONTRAST); // 0x81 268 if (vccstate == SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC) 269 { ssd1306_command(0x10); } 270 else 271 { ssd1306_command(0xAF); } 272 273#endif 274 275 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETPRECHARGE); // 0xd9 276 if (vccstate == SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC) 277 { ssd1306_command(0x22); } 278 else 279 { ssd1306_command(0xF1); } 280 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETVCOMDETECT); // 0xDB 281 ssd1306_command(0x40); 282 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_DISPLAYALLON_RESUME); // 0xA4 283 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_NORMALDISPLAY); // 0xA6 284 285 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_DEACTIVATE_SCROLL); 286 287 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_DISPLAYON);//--turn on oled panel 288} 289 290 291void Adafruit_SSD1306::invertDisplay(uint8_t i) { 292 if (i) { 293 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_INVERTDISPLAY); 294 } else { 295 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_NORMALDISPLAY); 296 } 297} 298 299void Adafruit_SSD1306::ssd1306_command(uint8_t c) { 300 if (sid != -1) 301 { 302 // SPI 303#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG 304 *csport |= cspinmask; 305 *dcport &= ~dcpinmask; 306 *csport &= ~cspinmask; 307#else 308 digitalWrite(cs, HIGH); 309 digitalWrite(dc, LOW); 310 digitalWrite(cs, LOW); 311#endif 312 fastSPIwrite(c); 313#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG 314 *csport |= cspinmask; 315#else 316 digitalWrite(cs, HIGH); 317#endif 318 } 319 else 320 { 321 // I2C 322 uint8_t control = 0x00; // Co = 0, D/C = 0 323 Wire.beginTransmission(_i2caddr); 324 Wire.write(control); 325 Wire.write(c); 326 Wire.endTransmission(); 327 } 328} 329 330// startscrollright 331// Activate a right handed scroll for rows start through stop 332// Hint, the display is 16 rows tall. To scroll the whole display, run: 333// display.scrollright(0x00, 0x0F) 334void Adafruit_SSD1306::startscrollright(uint8_t start, uint8_t stop){ 335 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_RIGHT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL); 336 ssd1306_command(0X00); 337 ssd1306_command(start); 338 ssd1306_command(0X00); 339 ssd1306_command(stop); 340 ssd1306_command(0X00); 341 ssd1306_command(0XFF); 342 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_ACTIVATE_SCROLL); 343} 344 345// startscrollleft 346// Activate a right handed scroll for rows start through stop 347// Hint, the display is 16 rows tall. To scroll the whole display, run: 348// display.scrollright(0x00, 0x0F) 349void Adafruit_SSD1306::startscrollleft(uint8_t start, uint8_t stop){ 350 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_LEFT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL); 351 ssd1306_command(0X00); 352 ssd1306_command(start); 353 ssd1306_command(0X00); 354 ssd1306_command(stop); 355 ssd1306_command(0X00); 356 ssd1306_command(0XFF); 357 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_ACTIVATE_SCROLL); 358} 359 360// startscrolldiagright 361// Activate a diagonal scroll for rows start through stop 362// Hint, the display is 16 rows tall. To scroll the whole display, run: 363// display.scrollright(0x00, 0x0F) 364void Adafruit_SSD1306::startscrolldiagright(uint8_t start, uint8_t stop){ 365 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SET_VERTICAL_SCROLL_AREA); 366 ssd1306_command(0X00); 367 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT); 368 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_VERTICAL_AND_RIGHT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL); 369 ssd1306_command(0X00); 370 ssd1306_command(start); 371 ssd1306_command(0X00); 372 ssd1306_command(stop); 373 ssd1306_command(0X01); 374 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_ACTIVATE_SCROLL); 375} 376 377// startscrolldiagleft 378// Activate a diagonal scroll for rows start through stop 379// Hint, the display is 16 rows tall. To scroll the whole display, run: 380// display.scrollright(0x00, 0x0F) 381void Adafruit_SSD1306::startscrolldiagleft(uint8_t start, uint8_t stop){ 382 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SET_VERTICAL_SCROLL_AREA); 383 ssd1306_command(0X00); 384 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT); 385 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_VERTICAL_AND_LEFT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL); 386 ssd1306_command(0X00); 387 ssd1306_command(start); 388 ssd1306_command(0X00); 389 ssd1306_command(stop); 390 ssd1306_command(0X01); 391 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_ACTIVATE_SCROLL); 392} 393 394void Adafruit_SSD1306::stopscroll(void){ 395 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_DEACTIVATE_SCROLL); 396} 397 398// Dim the display 399// dim = true: display is dimmed 400// dim = false: display is normal 401void Adafruit_SSD1306::dim(boolean dim) { 402 uint8_t contrast; 403 404 if (dim) { 405 contrast = 1; //0; // Dimmed display - If = zero, the display is off. 406 } else { 407 if (_vccstate == SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC) { 408 contrast = 0x9F; 409 } else { 410 contrast = 0xCF; 411 } 412 } 413 // the range of contrast to too small to be really useful 414 // it is useful to dim the display 415 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCONTRAST); 416 ssd1306_command(contrast); 417} 418 419void Adafruit_SSD1306::display(void) { 420 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_COLUMNADDR); 421 ssd1306_command(0); // Column start address (0 = reset) 422 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH-1); // Column end address (127 = reset) 423 424 ssd1306_command(SSD1306_PAGEADDR); 425 ssd1306_command(0); // Page start address (0 = reset) 426 #if SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT == 64 427 ssd1306_command(7); // Page end address 428 #endif 429 #if SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT == 32 430 ssd1306_command(3); // Page end address 431 #endif 432 #if SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT == 16 433 ssd1306_command(1); // Page end address 434 #endif 435 436 if (sid != -1) 437 { 438 // SPI 439#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG 440 *csport |= cspinmask; 441 *dcport |= dcpinmask; 442 *csport &= ~cspinmask; 443#else 444 digitalWrite(cs, HIGH); 445 digitalWrite(dc, HIGH); 446 digitalWrite(cs, LOW); 447#endif 448 449 for (uint16_t i=0; i<(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH*SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT/8); i++) { 450 fastSPIwrite(buffer[i]); 451 } 452#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG 453 *csport |= cspinmask; 454#else 455 digitalWrite(cs, HIGH); 456#endif 457 } 458 else 459 { 460 // save I2C bitrate 461#ifdef TWBR 462 uint8_t twbrbackup = TWBR; 463 TWBR = 12; // upgrade to 400KHz! 464#endif 465 466 //Serial.println(TWBR, DEC); 467 //Serial.println(TWSR & 0x3, DEC); 468 469 // I2C 470 for (uint16_t i=0; i<(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH*SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT/8); i++) { 471 // send a bunch of data in one xmission 472 Wire.beginTransmission(_i2caddr); 473 WIRE_WRITE(0x40); 474 for (uint8_t x=0; x<16; x++) { 475 WIRE_WRITE(buffer[i]); 476 i++; 477 } 478 i--; 479 Wire.endTransmission(); 480 } 481#ifdef TWBR 482 TWBR = twbrbackup; 483#endif 484 } 485} 486 487// clear everything 488void Adafruit_SSD1306::clearDisplay(void) { 489 memset(buffer, 0, (SSD1306_LCDWIDTH*SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT/8)); 490} 491 492 493inline void Adafruit_SSD1306::fastSPIwrite(uint8_t d) { 494 495 if(hwSPI) { 496 (void)SPI.transfer(d); 497 } else { 498 for(uint8_t bit = 0x80; bit; bit >>= 1) { 499#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG 500 *clkport &= ~clkpinmask; 501 if(d & bit) *mosiport |= mosipinmask; 502 else *mosiport &= ~mosipinmask; 503 *clkport |= clkpinmask; 504#else 505 digitalWrite(sclk, LOW); 506 if(d & bit) digitalWrite(sid, HIGH); 507 else digitalWrite(sid, LOW); 508 digitalWrite(sclk, HIGH); 509#endif 510 } 511 } 512} 513 514void Adafruit_SSD1306::drawFastHLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, uint16_t color) { 515 boolean bSwap = false; 516 switch(rotation) { 517 case 0: 518 // 0 degree rotation, do nothing 519 break; 520 case 1: 521 // 90 degree rotation, swap x & y for rotation, then invert x 522 bSwap = true; 523 ssd1306_swap(x, y); 524 x = WIDTH - x - 1; 525 break; 526 case 2: 527 // 180 degree rotation, invert x and y - then shift y around for height. 528 x = WIDTH - x - 1; 529 y = HEIGHT - y - 1; 530 x -= (w-1); 531 break; 532 case 3: 533 // 270 degree rotation, swap x & y for rotation, then invert y and adjust y for w (not to become h) 534 bSwap = true; 535 ssd1306_swap(x, y); 536 y = HEIGHT - y - 1; 537 y -= (w-1); 538 break; 539 } 540 541 if(bSwap) { 542 drawFastVLineInternal(x, y, w, color); 543 } else { 544 drawFastHLineInternal(x, y, w, color); 545 } 546} 547 548void Adafruit_SSD1306::drawFastHLineInternal(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, uint16_t color) { 549 // Do bounds/limit checks 550 if(y < 0 || y >= HEIGHT) { return; } 551 552 // make sure we don't try to draw below 0 553 if(x < 0) { 554 w += x; 555 x = 0; 556 } 557 558 // make sure we don't go off the edge of the display 559 if( (x + w) > WIDTH) { 560 w = (WIDTH - x); 561 } 562 563 // if our width is now negative, punt 564 if(w <= 0) { return; } 565 566 // set up the pointer for movement through the buffer 567 register uint8_t *pBuf = buffer; 568 // adjust the buffer pointer for the current row 569 pBuf += ((y/8) * SSD1306_LCDWIDTH); 570 // and offset x columns in 571 pBuf += x; 572 573 register uint8_t mask = 1 << (y&7); 574 575 switch (color) 576 { 577 case WHITE: while(w--) { *pBuf++ |= mask; }; break; 578 case BLACK: mask = ~mask; while(w--) { *pBuf++ &= mask; }; break; 579 case INVERSE: while(w--) { *pBuf++ ^= mask; }; break; 580 } 581} 582 583void Adafruit_SSD1306::drawFastVLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t h, uint16_t color) { 584 bool bSwap = false; 585 switch(rotation) { 586 case 0: 587 break; 588 case 1: 589 // 90 degree rotation, swap x & y for rotation, then invert x and adjust x for h (now to become w) 590 bSwap = true; 591 ssd1306_swap(x, y); 592 x = WIDTH - x - 1; 593 x -= (h-1); 594 break; 595 case 2: 596 // 180 degree rotation, invert x and y - then shift y around for height. 597 x = WIDTH - x - 1; 598 y = HEIGHT - y - 1; 599 y -= (h-1); 600 break; 601 case 3: 602 // 270 degree rotation, swap x & y for rotation, then invert y 603 bSwap = true; 604 ssd1306_swap(x, y); 605 y = HEIGHT - y - 1; 606 break; 607 } 608 609 if(bSwap) { 610 drawFastHLineInternal(x, y, h, color); 611 } else { 612 drawFastVLineInternal(x, y, h, color); 613 } 614} 615 616 617void Adafruit_SSD1306::drawFastVLineInternal(int16_t x, int16_t __y, int16_t __h, uint16_t color) { 618 619 // do nothing if we're off the left or right side of the screen 620 if(x < 0 || x >= WIDTH) { return; } 621 622 // make sure we don't try to draw below 0 623 if(__y < 0) { 624 // __y is negative, this will subtract enough from __h to account for __y being 0 625 __h += __y; 626 __y = 0; 627 628 } 629 630 // make sure we don't go past the height of the display 631 if( (__y + __h) > HEIGHT) { 632 __h = (HEIGHT - __y); 633 } 634 635 // if our height is now negative, punt 636 if(__h <= 0) { 637 return; 638 } 639 640 // this display doesn't need ints for coordinates, use local byte registers for faster juggling 641 register uint8_t y = __y; 642 register uint8_t h = __h; 643 644 645 // set up the pointer for fast movement through the buffer 646 register uint8_t *pBuf = buffer; 647 // adjust the buffer pointer for the current row 648 pBuf += ((y/8) * SSD1306_LCDWIDTH); 649 // and offset x columns in 650 pBuf += x; 651 652 // do the first partial byte, if necessary - this requires some masking 653 register uint8_t mod = (y&7); 654 if(mod) { 655 // mask off the high n bits we want to set 656 mod = 8-mod; 657 658 // note - lookup table results in a nearly 10% performance improvement in fill* functions 659 // register uint8_t mask = ~(0xFF >> (mod)); 660 static uint8_t premask[8] = {0x00, 0x80, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF8, 0xFC, 0xFE }; 661 register uint8_t mask = premask[mod]; 662 663 // adjust the mask if we're not going to reach the end of this byte 664 if( h < mod) { 665 mask &= (0XFF >> (mod-h)); 666 } 667 668 switch (color) 669 { 670 case WHITE: *pBuf |= mask; break; 671 case BLACK: *pBuf &= ~mask; break; 672 case INVERSE: *pBuf ^= mask; break; 673 } 674 675 // fast exit if we're done here! 676 if(h<mod) { return; } 677 678 h -= mod; 679 680 pBuf += SSD1306_LCDWIDTH; 681 } 682 683 684 // write solid bytes while we can - effectively doing 8 rows at a time 685 if(h >= 8) { 686 if (color == INVERSE) { // separate copy of the code so we don't impact performance of the black/white write version with an extra comparison per loop 687 do { 688 *pBuf=~(*pBuf); 689 690 // adjust the buffer forward 8 rows worth of data 691 pBuf += SSD1306_LCDWIDTH; 692 693 // adjust h & y (there's got to be a faster way for me to do this, but this should still help a fair bit for now) 694 h -= 8; 695 } while(h >= 8); 696 } 697 else { 698 // store a local value to work with 699 register uint8_t val = (color == WHITE) ? 255 : 0; 700 701 do { 702 // write our value in 703 *pBuf = val; 704 705 // adjust the buffer forward 8 rows worth of data 706 pBuf += SSD1306_LCDWIDTH; 707 708 // adjust h & y (there's got to be a faster way for me to do this, but this should still help a fair bit for now) 709 h -= 8; 710 } while(h >= 8); 711 } 712 } 713 714 // now do the final partial byte, if necessary 715 if(h) { 716 mod = h & 7; 717 // this time we want to mask the low bits of the byte, vs the high bits we did above 718 // register uint8_t mask = (1 << mod) - 1; 719 // note - lookup table results in a nearly 10% performance improvement in fill* functions 720 static uint8_t postmask[8] = {0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x07, 0x0F, 0x1F, 0x3F, 0x7F }; 721 register uint8_t mask = postmask[mod]; 722 switch (color) 723 { 724 case WHITE: *pBuf |= mask; break; 725 case BLACK: *pBuf &= ~mask; break; 726 case INVERSE: *pBuf ^= mask; break; 727 } 728 } 729} 730
TicTacToe - Serial Monitor version
arduino
This sketch requires the Arduino board only. You can play using the Arduino IDE serial monitor
1/************************************************************************** 2 3 * 4 * TicTacToe - Serial monitor version. 5 * Note: the OLED version code 6 is better described; if you have any 7 * doubt about any instruction, please 8 take a look to that version. 9 * 10 * It only requires an Arduino (tested 11 with Nano and Uno, but it 12 * should work with (almost?) any Arduino and other 13 clones 14 * 15 * To use it, you need to connect the Arduino to USB and call 16 the 17 * Serial monitor from inside Arduino IDE: Menu tools -> serial monitor 18 19 * (or pressing Ctrl + Shift + M) 20 * 21 * Move using the 1...9 keys (plus 22 Enter) from inside the Serial Monitor: 23 * 24 * 1 | 2 | 3 25 * ---+---+--- 26 27 * 4 | 5 | 6 28 * ---+---+--- 29 * 7 | 8 | 9 30 * 31 * Giovanni Verrua, 32 april 2022 33**************************************************************************/ 34 35 36int 37 gameStatus = 0; 38int whosplaying = 0; //0 = Arduino, 1 = Human 39 40int winner 41 = -1; //-1 = Playing, 0 = Draw, 1 = Human, 2 = CPU 42 43 44int board[]={0,0,0, 45 46 0,0,0, 47 0,0,0}; //0 = blank, 1 = human (circle), 48 2 = computer (cross) 49 50 51 52 53 54//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55void 56 playhuman() { 57 58 int humanMove = -1; 59 bool stayInLoop = 60 true; 61 62 while (stayInLoop) { 63 64 Serial.println(F("\ 65Make 66 your move\ 67")); 68 69 while (Serial.available() && Serial.read()); 70 // empty buffer 71 while (!Serial.available()); // wait 72 for data 73 74 if (Serial.available()) { //data available. 75 76 77 int humanMove = Serial.read() - 48; //serial.read() return the 78 ascii value of the pressed key. The "1" ascii value is 49. 79 80 81 Serial.println(humanMove); 82 83 if (humanMove 84 >=0 && humanMove <=9) { 85 86 if (board[humanMove-1] !=0) { 87 88 Serial.println(F("\ 89Error - Cell already in use")); 90 91 stayInLoop = true; 92 } 93 else 94 { 95 stayInLoop = false; 96 board[humanMove-1] 97 = 1; //remember: the player uses the 1..9 keys, but the array index starts by 0 98 (9 cells = 0..8) 99 } 100 } 101 else 102 { 103 Serial.println(F("\ 104type error (just 1 to 9)")); 105 106 stayInLoop = true; 107 } 108 109 110 } 111 } 112 113 114 115 116} 117 118 119//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 120void 121 playcpu() { 122 123 int cpumove = checkboard(2); //2 = cpu let's 124 check if there's a cpu's winner move 125 126 if (cpumove >=0) { 127 board[cpumove] 128 = 2; //cpu's winner move 129 } 130 else { 131 cpumove = checkboard(1); 132 //1=player check if the player has a chance to win (2 circles and an empty cell 133 in a row) 134 if (cpumove >=0) { 135 board[cpumove] = 2; 136 //this move will break the player's winner move 137 } 138 139 140 //there's no possible winner move neither for the cpu, nor for the human, 141 I will put an "X" in a random cell 142 while (cpumove < 0) { 143 144 int randomMove = random(10); 145 if (randomMove >=0 && randomMove 146 <=8 && board[randomMove] == 0) { 147 cpumove = randomMove; 148 } 149 150 } 151 board[cpumove] = 2; 152 } 153} 154 155 156//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 157int 158 checkboard(int x){ //x = 1 -> player, x = 2 -> cpu 159 160//full case 161 162 163 if (board[0]==0 && board[1]==x && board[2]==x) return 0; // 0 1 1 164 165 // . . . 166 167 // . . . 168 169 170 else if 171 (board[0]==x && board[1]==0 && board[2]==x) return 1; // 1 0 1 172 // 173 . . . 174 // 175 . . . 176 177 178 else if (board[0]==x && board[1]==x && board[2]==0) return 2; // 1 1 0 179 180 // . . . 181 182 // . . . 183 184 //------------------------------------------------- 185 else if (board[3]==0 186 && board[4]==x && board[5]==x) return 3; // . . . 187 // 188 0 1 1 189 // 190 . . . 191 192 193 else if (board[3]==x && board[4]==0 && board[5]==x) return 4; // . . . 194 195 // 1 0 1 196 197 // . . . 198 199 200 else if (board[3]==x && board[4]==x && board[5]==0) return 5; // . . . 201 202 // 1 1 0 203 204 // . . . 205 206 //------------------------------------------------- 207 else if (board[6]==0 208 && board[7]==x && board[8]==x) return 6; // . . . 209 // 210 . . . 211 // 212 0 1 1 213 214 215 else if (board[6]==x && board[7]==0 && board[8]==x) return 7; // . . . 216 217 // . . . 218 219 // 1 0 1 220 221 222 else if (board[6]==x && board[7]==x && board[8]==0) return 8; // . . . 223 224 // . . . 225 226 // 1 1 0 227 228 229 //------------------------------------------------- 230 else if (board[0]==0 231 && board[3]==x && board[6]==x) return 0; // 0 . . 232 // 233 1 . . 234 // 235 1 . . 236 237 else if (board[0]==x && board[3]==0 && board[6]==x) return 3; 238 // 1 . . 239 // 240 0 . . 241 // 242 1 . . 243 244 else if (board[0]==x && board[3]==x && board[6]==0) return 6; 245 // 1 . . 246 // 247 1 . . 248 // 249 0 . . 250 251 252 //------------------------------------------------- 253 else if (board[1]==0 254 && board[4]==x && board[7]==x) return 1; // . 0 . 255 // 256 . 1 . 257 // 258 . 1 . 259 260 else if (board[1]==x && board[4]==0 && board[7]==x) return 4; 261 // . 1 . 262 // 263 . 0 . 264 // 265 . 1 . 266 267 else if (board[1]==x && board[4]==x && board[7]==0) return 268 7; // . 1 . 269 // 270 . 1 . 271 // 272 . 0 . 273 274 275 //------------------------------------------------- 276 else if (board[2]==0 277 && board[5]==x && board[8]==x) return 2; // . . 0 278 // 279 . . 1 280 // 281 . . 1 282 283 else if (board[2]==x && board[5]==0 && board[8]==x) return 284 5; // . . 1 285 // 286 . . 0 287 // 288 . . 1 289 290 else if (board[2]==x && board[5]==x && board[8]==0) return 291 8; // . . 1 292 // 293 . . 1 294 // 295 . . 0 296 297 298 //------------------------------------------------- 299 else if (board[0]==0 300 && board[4]==x && board[8]==x) return 0; // 0 . . 301 // 302 . 1 . 303 // 304 . . 1 305 306 else if (board[0]==x && board[4]==0 && board[8]==x) return 307 4; // 1 . . 308 // 309 . 0 . 310 // 311 . . 1 312 313 else if (board[0]==x && board[4]==x && board[8]==0) return 314 8; // 1 . . 315 // 316 . 1 . 317 // 318 . . 0 319 320 //------------------------------------------------- 321 else if 322 (board[2]==0 && board[4]==x && board[6]==x) return 2; // . . 0 323 // 324 . 1 . 325 // 326 1 . . 327 328 else if (board[2]==x && board[4]==0 && board[6]==x) return 4; 329 // . . 1 330 // 331 . 0 . 332 // 333 1 . . 334 335 else if (board[2]==x && board[4]==x && board[6]==0) return 336 6; // . . 1 337 // 338 . 1 . 339 // 340 0 . . 341 342 else return 343 -1; 344} 345 346 347//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 348 349 350void 351 checkWinner() { //check the board to see if there is a winner 352 353 winner 354 = 3; //3=draft, 1= winner->player, 2=winner->cpu 355 356 // circles win? 357 358 if (board[0]==1 && board