Arduino Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 Full Build and Code

I'm really excited to show you my first real standalone Arduino project. An ultrasonic distance indicator with LED lights and a buzzer.

Oct 28, 2017

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Components and supplies

Ultrasonic Sensor - HC-SR04 (Generic)

Breadboard (generic)

Shift Register- Serial to Parallel

Arduino Mega 2560

LED (generic)

Project description

Code

Complete_Ultrasonic.ino

arduino

1/*
2   created by Boris Dusnoki, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgOEgQpu1thY7D-GzO5vdeQ
3    Distance Sensor with graph and variable sound frequency and delay
4*/
5int   tonePin = 8;    // buzzer pin
6int trigPin = 9;    // sensor trigger pin
7int   echoPin = 10;   // sensor echo pin
8int clockPin = 11;  // shift register clock   pin
9int latchPin = 12;  // shift register latch pin
10int dataPin = 13;   //   shift register data pin
11
12unsigned long previousMillisLEDS = 0; // initialization   of the previosMillis for LEDS
13unsigned long previousMillisLOW = 0;  // initialization   of the previosMillis for LOW distance buzzer
14unsigned long previousMillisMID   = 0;  // initialization of the previosMillis for MED distance buzzer
15unsigned   long previousMillisHIGH = 0; // initialization of the previosMillis for HIGH distance   buzer
16
17const int intervalLEDS = 100; // interval of refreshing the LEDS state
18const   int intervalLOW = 800;  // interval of the LOW distance buzzer
19const int intervalMID   = 400;  // interval of the MED distance buzzer
20const int intervalHIGH = 100;   // interval of the HIGH distance buzzer
21
22const int freqLOW = 1500;  // frequency   of the LOW distabce buzzer
23const int freqMID = 1800;  // frequency of the MED   distabce buzzer
24const int freqHIGH = 2000; // frequency of the HIGH distabce   buzzer
25
26const int durLOW = 100;   // on time of the LOW distabce buzzer
27const   int durMED = 100;   // on time of the MED distabce buzzer
28const int durHIGH =   80;   // on time of the HIGH distabce buzzer
29
30const byte patterns[9] = {   //   initialization of the patterns the LEDS are going to display
31  B00000000,  //   all LEDS OFF
32  B00000001,  // 1 LED ON
33  B00000011,  // 2 LEDS ON
34  B00000111,   // 3 LEDS ON
35  B00001111,  // 4 LEDS ON
36  B00011111,  // 5 LEDS ON
37  B00111111,   // 6 LEDS ON
38  B01111111,  // 7 LEDS ON
39  B11111111,  // 8 LEDS ON
40};
41
42int   prox = 0; // initialization of the proximity value (0-8)
43int dur;      // initialization   of the duration between the Trigger and Echo signal of the sensor
44int dist;     //   initialization of the distance between the sensor and the object in front of it   (in centimeters)
45
46void setup() {
47  pinMode(tonePin, OUTPUT);   // set tone   pin to OUTPUT
48  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);   // set trigger pin to OUTPUT
49   pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);    // set echo pin to INPUT
50  pinMode(clockPin, OUTPUT);   // set clock pin to OUTPUT
51  pinMode(latchPin, OUTPUT);  // set latch pin to   OUTPUT
52  pinMode(dataPin, OUTPUT);   // set data pin to OUTPUT
53}
54
55void   loop() {
56
57  unsigned long currentMillis = millis(); // set the currentMillis   variable to the current number of milliseconds from the start of the loop
58
59   if ((unsigned long)(currentMillis - previousMillisLEDS) >= intervalLEDS) {    //   check if the time between the current time and previous time for LEDS is larger   or equal to the interval the LEDS should stay on
60    digitalWrite(latchPin, LOW);   // set the latch pin to LOW
61    digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);   // set the trigger   pin to LOW
62    delayMicroseconds(2);         // delay 2 microseconds
63    digitalWrite(trigPin,   HIGH);  // set the trigger pin to HIGH and send out a sound signal
64    delayMicroseconds(100);        // delay 100 microseconds
65    digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);   // set the   trigger pin to LOW
66    dur = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // caluclate the duration   between the trigger and echo
67    dist = dur / 2 / 29;          // calculate distance   in centemeters based on the speed of sound
68
69    prox = map(dist, 0, 48, 8,   0);    // map the distannce between 0 and 48 cm to a value between 0 and 8
70    shiftOut(dataPin,   clockPin, MSBFIRST, patterns[prox]);  // send the pattern to the shift register   based on the prox value (0-8)
71    digitalWrite(latchPin, HIGH);   // latch the   shift register
72    previousMillisLEDS = currentMillis;   // set the previousMillis   for LEDS to the current time in milliseconds from the start of the loop
73  }
74   if (prox < 0) {   // if we get a proximity value less than 0 set it to 0
75    prox   = 0;
76  }
77  else if (prox == 6) {   // if we get a proximity value of 6
78     if ((unsigned long)(currentMillis - previousMillisLOW) >= intervalLOW) {   //   check if the time between the current time and previous time for LOW buzzer interal   is larger or equal to the interval the buzzer should stay on
79      tone(tonePin,   freqLOW, 100);    // set the tone pin to the LOW frequency and an on time of 100   milliseconds
80      previousMillisLOW = currentMillis; // set the previousMillis   for LOW buzzer interal to the current time in milliseconds from the start of the   loop
81    }
82
83  }
84  else if (prox == 7) { // if we get a proximity value   of 7
85    if ((unsigned long)(currentMillis - previousMillisMID) >= intervalMID)   {  // check if the time between the current time and previous time for MID buzzer   interal is larger or equal to the interval the buzzer should stay on
86      tone(tonePin,   freqMID, 100);    // set the tone pin to the MID frequency and an on time of 100   milliseconds
87      previousMillisMID = currentMillis;  // set the previousMillis   for MID buzzer interal to the current time in milliseconds from the start of the   loop
88    }
89
90  }
91  else if (prox == 8) { // if we get a proximity value   of 8
92    if ((unsigned long)(currentMillis - previousMillisHIGH) >= intervalHIGH)   {  // check if the time between the current time and previous time for HIGH buzzer   interal is larger or equal to the interval the buzzer should stay on
93      tone(tonePin,   freqHIGH, 80);    // set the tone pin to the HIGH frequency and an on time of 80   milliseconds
94      previousMillisHIGH = currentMillis;   // set the previousMillis   for HIGH buzzer interal to the current time in milliseconds from the start of the   loop
95    }
96  }
97}
98

/*
   created by Boris Dusnoki, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgOEgQpu1thY7D-GzO5vdeQ
    Distance Sensor with graph and variable sound frequency and delay
*/
int   tonePin = 8;    // buzzer pin
int trigPin = 9;    // sensor trigger pin
int   echoPin = 10;   // sensor echo pin
int clockPin = 11;  // shift register clock   pin
int latchPin = 12;  // shift register latch pin
int dataPin = 13;   //   shift register data pin

unsigned long previousMillisLEDS = 0; // initialization   of the previosMillis for LEDS
unsigned long previousMillisLOW = 0;  // initialization   of the previosMillis for LOW distance buzzer
unsigned long previousMillisMID   = 0;  // initialization of the previosMillis for MED distance buzzer
unsigned   long previousMillisHIGH = 0; // initialization of the previosMillis for HIGH distance   buzer

const int intervalLEDS = 100; // interval of refreshing the LEDS state
const   int intervalLOW = 800;  // interval of the LOW distance buzzer
const int intervalMID   = 400;  // interval of the MED distance buzzer
const int intervalHIGH = 100;   // interval of the HIGH distance buzzer

const int freqLOW = 1500;  // frequency   of the LOW distabce buzzer
const int freqMID = 1800;  // frequency of the MED   distabce buzzer
const int freqHIGH = 2000; // frequency of the HIGH distabce   buzzer

const int durLOW = 100;   // on time of the LOW distabce buzzer
const   int durMED = 100;   // on time of the MED distabce buzzer
const int durHIGH =   80;   // on time of the HIGH distabce buzzer

const byte patterns[9] = {   //   initialization of the patterns the LEDS are going to display
  B00000000,  //   all LEDS OFF
  B00000001,  // 1 LED ON
  B00000011,  // 2 LEDS ON
  B00000111,   // 3 LEDS ON
  B00001111,  // 4 LEDS ON
  B00011111,  // 5 LEDS ON
  B00111111,   // 6 LEDS ON
  B01111111,  // 7 LEDS ON
  B11111111,  // 8 LEDS ON
};

int   prox = 0; // initialization of the proximity value (0-8)
int dur;      // initialization   of the duration between the Trigger and Echo signal of the sensor
int dist;     //   initialization of the distance between the sensor and the object in front of it   (in centimeters)

void setup() {
  pinMode(tonePin, OUTPUT);   // set tone   pin to OUTPUT
  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);   // set trigger pin to OUTPUT
   pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);    // set echo pin to INPUT
  pinMode(clockPin, OUTPUT);   // set clock pin to OUTPUT
  pinMode(latchPin, OUTPUT);  // set latch pin to   OUTPUT
  pinMode(dataPin, OUTPUT);   // set data pin to OUTPUT
}

void   loop() {

  unsigned long currentMillis = millis(); // set the currentMillis   variable to the current number of milliseconds from the start of the loop

   if ((unsigned long)(currentMillis - previousMillisLEDS) >= intervalLEDS) {    //   check if the time between the current time and previous time for LEDS is larger   or equal to the interval the LEDS should stay on
    digitalWrite(latchPin, LOW);   // set the latch pin to LOW
    digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);   // set the trigger   pin to LOW
    delayMicroseconds(2);         // delay 2 microseconds
    digitalWrite(trigPin,   HIGH);  // set the trigger pin to HIGH and send out a sound signal
    delayMicroseconds(100);        // delay 100 microseconds
    digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);   // set the   trigger pin to LOW
    dur = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // caluclate the duration   between the trigger and echo
    dist = dur / 2 / 29;          // calculate distance   in centemeters based on the speed of sound

    prox = map(dist, 0, 48, 8,   0);    // map the distannce between 0 and 48 cm to a value between 0 and 8
    shiftOut(dataPin,   clockPin, MSBFIRST, patterns[prox]);  // send the pattern to the shift register   based on the prox value (0-8)
    digitalWrite(latchPin, HIGH);   // latch the   shift register
    previousMillisLEDS = currentMillis;   // set the previousMillis   for LEDS to the current time in milliseconds from the start of the loop
  }
   if (prox < 0) {   // if we get a proximity value less than 0 set it to 0
    prox   = 0;
  }
  else if (prox == 6) {   // if we get a proximity value of 6
     if ((unsigned long)(currentMillis - previousMillisLOW) >= intervalLOW) {   //   check if the time between the current time and previous time for LOW buzzer interal   is larger or equal to the interval the buzzer should stay on
      tone(tonePin,   freqLOW, 100);    // set the tone pin to the LOW frequency and an on time of 100   milliseconds
      previousMillisLOW = currentMillis; // set the previousMillis   for LOW buzzer interal to the current time in milliseconds from the start of the   loop
    }

  }
  else if (prox == 7) { // if we get a proximity value   of 7
    if ((unsigned long)(currentMillis - previousMillisMID) >= intervalMID)   {  // check if the time between the current time and previous time for MID buzzer   interal is larger or equal to the interval the buzzer should stay on
      tone(tonePin,   freqMID, 100);    // set the tone pin to the MID frequency and an on time of 100   milliseconds
      previousMillisMID = currentMillis;  // set the previousMillis   for MID buzzer interal to the current time in milliseconds from the start of the   loop
    }

  }
  else if (prox == 8) { // if we get a proximity value   of 8
    if ((unsigned long)(currentMillis - previousMillisHIGH) >= intervalHIGH)   {  // check if the time between the current time and previous time for HIGH buzzer   interal is larger or equal to the interval the buzzer should stay on
      tone(tonePin,   freqHIGH, 80);    // set the tone pin to the HIGH frequency and an on time of 80   milliseconds
      previousMillisHIGH = currentMillis;   // set the previousMillis   for HIGH buzzer interal to the current time in milliseconds from the start of the   loop
    }
  }
}

Complete_Ultrasonic.ino

arduino

1/*
2   created by Boris Dusnoki, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgOEgQpu1thY7D-GzO5vdeQ
3   Distance Sensor with graph and variable sound frequency and delay
4*/
5int  tonePin = 8;    // buzzer pin
6int trigPin = 9;    // sensor trigger pin
7int  echoPin = 10;   // sensor echo pin
8int clockPin = 11;  // shift register clock  pin
9int latchPin = 12;  // shift register latch pin
10int dataPin = 13;   //  shift register data pin
11
12unsigned long previousMillisLEDS = 0; // initialization  of the previosMillis for LEDS
13unsigned long previousMillisLOW = 0;  // initialization  of the previosMillis for LOW distance buzzer
14unsigned long previousMillisMID  = 0;  // initialization of the previosMillis for MED distance buzzer
15unsigned  long previousMillisHIGH = 0; // initialization of the previosMillis for HIGH distance  buzer
16
17const int intervalLEDS = 100; // interval of refreshing the LEDS state
18const  int intervalLOW = 800;  // interval of the LOW distance buzzer
19const int intervalMID  = 400;  // interval of the MED distance buzzer
20const int intervalHIGH = 100;  // interval of the HIGH distance buzzer
21
22const int freqLOW = 1500;  // frequency  of the LOW distabce buzzer
23const int freqMID = 1800;  // frequency of the MED  distabce buzzer
24const int freqHIGH = 2000; // frequency of the HIGH distabce  buzzer
25
26const int durLOW = 100;   // on time of the LOW distabce buzzer
27const  int durMED = 100;   // on time of the MED distabce buzzer
28const int durHIGH =  80;   // on time of the HIGH distabce buzzer
29
30const byte patterns[9] = {   //  initialization of the patterns the LEDS are going to display
31  B00000000,  //  all LEDS OFF
32  B00000001,  // 1 LED ON
33  B00000011,  // 2 LEDS ON
34  B00000111,  // 3 LEDS ON
35  B00001111,  // 4 LEDS ON
36  B00011111,  // 5 LEDS ON
37  B00111111,  // 6 LEDS ON
38  B01111111,  // 7 LEDS ON
39  B11111111,  // 8 LEDS ON
40};
41
42int  prox = 0; // initialization of the proximity value (0-8)
43int dur;      // initialization  of the duration between the Trigger and Echo signal of the sensor
44int dist;     //  initialization of the distance between the sensor and the object in front of it  (in centimeters)
45
46void setup() {
47  pinMode(tonePin, OUTPUT);   // set tone  pin to OUTPUT
48  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);   // set trigger pin to OUTPUT
49  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);    // set echo pin to INPUT
50  pinMode(clockPin, OUTPUT);  // set clock pin to OUTPUT
51  pinMode(latchPin, OUTPUT);  // set latch pin to  OUTPUT
52  pinMode(dataPin, OUTPUT);   // set data pin to OUTPUT
53}
54
55void  loop() {
56
57  unsigned long currentMillis = millis(); // set the currentMillis  variable to the current number of milliseconds from the start of the loop
58
59  if ((unsigned long)(currentMillis - previousMillisLEDS) >= intervalLEDS) {    //  check if the time between the current time and previous time for LEDS is larger  or equal to the interval the LEDS should stay on
60    digitalWrite(latchPin, LOW);  // set the latch pin to LOW
61    digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);   // set the trigger  pin to LOW
62    delayMicroseconds(2);         // delay 2 microseconds
63    digitalWrite(trigPin,  HIGH);  // set the trigger pin to HIGH and send out a sound signal
64    delayMicroseconds(100);       // delay 100 microseconds
65    digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);   // set the  trigger pin to LOW
66    dur = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // caluclate the duration  between the trigger and echo
67    dist = dur / 2 / 29;          // calculate distance  in centemeters based on the speed of sound
68
69    prox = map(dist, 0, 48, 8,  0);    // map the distannce between 0 and 48 cm to a value between 0 and 8
70    shiftOut(dataPin,  clockPin, MSBFIRST, patterns[prox]);  // send the pattern to the shift register  based on the prox value (0-8)
71    digitalWrite(latchPin, HIGH);   // latch the  shift register
72    previousMillisLEDS = currentMillis;   // set the previousMillis  for LEDS to the current time in milliseconds from the start of the loop
73  }
74  if (prox < 0) {   // if we get a proximity value less than 0 set it to 0
75    prox  = 0;
76  }
77  else if (prox == 6) {   // if we get a proximity value of 6
78    if ((unsigned long)(currentMillis - previousMillisLOW) >= intervalLOW) {   //  check if the time between the current time and previous time for LOW buzzer interal  is larger or equal to the interval the buzzer should stay on
79      tone(tonePin,  freqLOW, 100);    // set the tone pin to the LOW frequency and an on time of 100  milliseconds
80      previousMillisLOW = currentMillis; // set the previousMillis  for LOW buzzer interal to the current time in milliseconds from the start of the  loop
81    }
82
83  }
84  else if (prox == 7) { // if we get a proximity value  of 7
85    if ((unsigned long)(currentMillis - previousMillisMID) >= intervalMID)  {  // check if the time between the current time and previous time for MID buzzer  interal is larger or equal to the interval the buzzer should stay on
86      tone(tonePin,  freqMID, 100);    // set the tone pin to the MID frequency and an on time of 100  milliseconds
87      previousMillisMID = currentMillis;  // set the previousMillis  for MID buzzer interal to the current time in milliseconds from the start of the  loop
88    }
89
90  }
91  else if (prox == 8) { // if we get a proximity value  of 8
92    if ((unsigned long)(currentMillis - previousMillisHIGH) >= intervalHIGH)  {  // check if the time between the current time and previous time for HIGH buzzer  interal is larger or equal to the interval the buzzer should stay on
93      tone(tonePin,  freqHIGH, 80);    // set the tone pin to the HIGH frequency and an on time of 80  milliseconds
94      previousMillisHIGH = currentMillis;   // set the previousMillis  for HIGH buzzer interal to the current time in milliseconds from the start of the  loop
95    }
96  }
97}
98

/*
   created by Boris Dusnoki, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgOEgQpu1thY7D-GzO5vdeQ
   Distance Sensor with graph and variable sound frequency and delay
*/
int  tonePin = 8;    // buzzer pin
int trigPin = 9;    // sensor trigger pin
int  echoPin = 10;   // sensor echo pin
int clockPin = 11;  // shift register clock  pin
int latchPin = 12;  // shift register latch pin
int dataPin = 13;   //  shift register data pin

unsigned long previousMillisLEDS = 0; // initialization  of the previosMillis for LEDS
unsigned long previousMillisLOW = 0;  // initialization  of the previosMillis for LOW distance buzzer
unsigned long previousMillisMID  = 0;  // initialization of the previosMillis for MED distance buzzer
unsigned  long previousMillisHIGH = 0; // initialization of the previosMillis for HIGH distance  buzer

const int intervalLEDS = 100; // interval of refreshing the LEDS state
const  int intervalLOW = 800;  // interval of the LOW distance buzzer
const int intervalMID  = 400;  // interval of the MED distance buzzer
const int intervalHIGH = 100;  // interval of the HIGH distance buzzer

const int freqLOW = 1500;  // frequency  of the LOW distabce buzzer
const int freqMID = 1800;  // frequency of the MED  distabce buzzer
const int freqHIGH = 2000; // frequency of the HIGH distabce  buzzer

const int durLOW = 100;   // on time of the LOW distabce buzzer
const  int durMED = 100;   // on time of the MED distabce buzzer
const int durHIGH =  80;   // on time of the HIGH distabce buzzer

const byte patterns[9] = {   //  initialization of the patterns the LEDS are going to display
  B00000000,  //  all LEDS OFF
  B00000001,  // 1 LED ON
  B00000011,  // 2 LEDS ON
  B00000111,  // 3 LEDS ON
  B00001111,  // 4 LEDS ON
  B00011111,  // 5 LEDS ON
  B00111111,  // 6 LEDS ON
  B01111111,  // 7 LEDS ON
  B11111111,  // 8 LEDS ON
};

int  prox = 0; // initialization of the proximity value (0-8)
int dur;      // initialization  of the duration between the Trigger and Echo signal of the sensor
int dist;     //  initialization of the distance between the sensor and the object in front of it  (in centimeters)

void setup() {
  pinMode(tonePin, OUTPUT);   // set tone  pin to OUTPUT
  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);   // set trigger pin to OUTPUT
  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);    // set echo pin to INPUT
  pinMode(clockPin, OUTPUT);  // set clock pin to OUTPUT
  pinMode(latchPin, OUTPUT);  // set latch pin to  OUTPUT
  pinMode(dataPin, OUTPUT);   // set data pin to OUTPUT
}

void  loop() {

  unsigned long currentMillis = millis(); // set the currentMillis  variable to the current number of milliseconds from the start of the loop

  if ((unsigned long)(currentMillis - previousMillisLEDS) >= intervalLEDS) {    //  check if the time between the current time and previous time for LEDS is larger  or equal to the interval the LEDS should stay on
    digitalWrite(latchPin, LOW);  // set the latch pin to LOW
    digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);   // set the trigger  pin to LOW
    delayMicroseconds(2);         // delay 2 microseconds
    digitalWrite(trigPin,  HIGH);  // set the trigger pin to HIGH and send out a sound signal
    delayMicroseconds(100);       // delay 100 microseconds
    digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);   // set the  trigger pin to LOW
    dur = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // caluclate the duration  between the trigger and echo
    dist = dur / 2 / 29;          // calculate distance  in centemeters based on the speed of sound

    prox = map(dist, 0, 48, 8,  0);    // map the distannce between 0 and 48 cm to a value between 0 and 8
    shiftOut(dataPin,  clockPin, MSBFIRST, patterns[prox]);  // send the pattern to the shift register  based on the prox value (0-8)
    digitalWrite(latchPin, HIGH);   // latch the  shift register
    previousMillisLEDS = currentMillis;   // set the previousMillis  for LEDS to the current time in milliseconds from the start of the loop
  }
  if (prox < 0) {   // if we get a proximity value less than 0 set it to 0
    prox  = 0;
  }
  else if (prox == 6) {   // if we get a proximity value of 6
    if ((unsigned long)(currentMillis - previousMillisLOW) >= intervalLOW) {   //  check if the time between the current time and previous time for LOW buzzer interal  is larger or equal to the interval the buzzer should stay on
      tone(tonePin,  freqLOW, 100);    // set the tone pin to the LOW frequency and an on time of 100  milliseconds
      previousMillisLOW = currentMillis; // set the previousMillis  for LOW buzzer interal to the current time in milliseconds from the start of the  loop
    }

  }
  else if (prox == 7) { // if we get a proximity value  of 7
    if ((unsigned long)(currentMillis - previousMillisMID) >= intervalMID)  {  // check if the time between the current time and previous time for MID buzzer  interal is larger or equal to the interval the buzzer should stay on
      tone(tonePin,  freqMID, 100);    // set the tone pin to the MID frequency and an on time of 100  milliseconds
      previousMillisMID = currentMillis;  // set the previousMillis  for MID buzzer interal to the current time in milliseconds from the start of the  loop
    }

  }
  else if (prox == 8) { // if we get a proximity value  of 8
    if ((unsigned long)(currentMillis - previousMillisHIGH) >= intervalHIGH)  {  // check if the time between the current time and previous time for HIGH buzzer  interal is larger or equal to the interval the buzzer should stay on
      tone(tonePin,  freqHIGH, 80);    // set the tone pin to the HIGH frequency and an on time of 80  milliseconds
      previousMillisHIGH = currentMillis;   // set the previousMillis  for HIGH buzzer interal to the current time in milliseconds from the start of the  loop
    }
  }
}

Downloadable files

complete_ultrasonic_boTM1U9Ahj.ino

ultrasonic_sketch_bb_EWP2nSs3AJ.png

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