Morse Code & Message Sender

Use ESP32 to send messages with WiFi

Sep 28, 2025

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Communication

Internet Of Things

Components and supplies

Active Buzzer

Arduino® Nano ESP32

Push Button

16x2 LCD display with I²C interface

Resistors

LED (generic)

Apps and platforms

Arduino IDE 2.0 (beta)

Project description

Code

Message sender

cpp

Here is the code I used. Html is used for webpage.

1#include <vector>
2#include <WiFi.h>
3#include <AsyncTCP.h>
4#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
5#include <Wire.h>
6#include <hd44780.h>  // lcd libraries
7#include <hd44780ioClass/hd44780_I2Cexp.h>
8
9hd44780_I2Cexp lcd;  // Create lcd object (MUST be named "lcd")
10
11
12const char* ssid = "Your Network";
13const char* password = "Your Password";
14
15AsyncWebServer server(80); // port 80 = normal HTTP
16AsyncEventSource events("/events"); // Global SSE endpoint
17
18struct Message {
19  String text;
20  String mode;
21};
22std::vector<Message> messageQueue;
23
24
25int buzzPin = 19;
26int LEDpin = 27;
27int bPin = 18;
28int bVal;
29
30char letter;
31bool space;
32bool messageSent = false; 
33bool playMessage; 
34void setup() {
35  // put your setup code here, to run once:
36  Serial.begin(115200);
37  Wire.begin();
38  lcd.begin(16,2);
39  pinMode(buzzPin,OUTPUT);
40  pinMode(bPin,INPUT_PULLUP);
41  pinMode(LEDpin,OUTPUT);
42
43
44  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
45  Serial.println("Connecting to Wi-Fi...");
46  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
47    delay(500);
48    Serial.print(".");
49  }
50  Serial.println();
51  Serial.print("Connected! IP address: ");
52  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
53  server.addHandler(&events);
54  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request){
55    request->send(200, "text/html", R"rawliteral(
56      <!DOCTYPE html>
57      <html lang="en">
58      <head>
59        <meta charset="UTF-8">
60        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
61        <title>Message Sender</title>
62        <style>
63          body { font-family: sans-serif; display:flex; justify-content:center; align-items:center; min-height:100vh; background: #f0f0f0;}
64          .container { background:white; padding:30px; border-radius:15px; max-width:500px; width:100%; text-align:center; box-shadow:0 10px 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);}
65          textarea { width:100%; padding:10px; font-size:16px; border-radius:8px; border:1px solid #ccc; margin-bottom:20px; resize:none;}
66          button { padding:12px 40px; font-size:16px; border:none; border-radius:50px; background: #667eea; color:white; cursor:pointer; transition:0.3s;}
67          button:hover { background:#764ba2;}
68          #status { display:none; margin-top:20px; padding:10px; background:#4CAF50; color:white; border-radius:8px; }
69        </style>
70      </head>
71      <body>
72        <div class="container">
73          <h1>Message Sender</h1>
74          <textarea id="message-input" rows="3" placeholder="Type your message here..."></textarea>
75          <br>
76          <div class="mode-section">
77            <label for="mode">Select Mode:</label>
78            <select id="mode">
79              <option value="morse">Morse Encoder</option>
80              <option value="lcd">LCD Display</option>
81            </select>
82          </div>
83          <br>
84          <button onclick="sendMessage()">🚀 Send Message</button>
85          <div id="status">Message received!</div>
86        </div>
87        <script>
88          // Connect to SSE
89          const evtSource = new EventSource("/events");
90          evtSource.onmessage = function(e) {
91            const statusDiv = document.getElementById("status");
92            statusDiv.style.display = "block";
93            statusDiv.innerText = e.data;
94          };
95
96          function sendMessage() {
97            const statusDiv = document.getElementById("status");
98            statusDiv.style.display = "none"; // hide immediately
99
100            const msg = document.getElementById("message-input").value;
101            const mode = document.getElementById("mode").value;
102
103            fetch(`/send?msg=${encodeURIComponent(msg)}&mode=${encodeURIComponent(mode)}`)
104              .then(response => response.text())
105              .then(data => console.log(data));
106          }
107        </script>
108      </body>
109      </html>
110    )rawliteral");
111  });
112
113  // Route to receive message & store to queue
114server.on("/send", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request){
115  if (request->hasParam("msg") && request->hasParam("mode")) {
116    String msg = request->getParam("msg")->value();
117    String mode = request->getParam("mode")->value();
118
119    // Save both message and mode into queue
120    Message newMessage;
121    newMessage.text = msg;
122    newMessage.mode = mode;
123    messageQueue.push_back(newMessage);
124
125    Serial.println("Queued: " + msg + " (mode: " + mode + ")");
126    request->send(200, "text/plain", "Message queued!");
127  } else {
128    request->send(400, "text/plain", "Missing message or mode");
129  }
130});
131  server.begin();
132}
133
134void loop() {
135  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
136  
137  if(!messageQueue.empty()){
138    digitalWrite(LEDpin,HIGH);   //led shows message waiting
139    lcd.setCursor(0,0);
140    lcd.print("message awaiting");
141    bVal = digitalRead(bPin);
142    //wait for button to play message
143    if(bVal == 0){                  
144      playMessage = true;
145    }
146  }
147
148  if(playMessage == true){
149    digitalWrite(LEDpin,LOW);
150    Message nextMessage = messageQueue[0];  // get first message
151    messageQueue.erase(messageQueue.begin()); // remove it from queue
152
153    if(nextMessage.mode == "morse"){
154      Serial.println("Playing message: " + nextMessage.text);
155      delay(100); // debounce
156      playMorse(nextMessage.text);
157    }else if (nextMessage.mode == "lcd"){
158      Serial.println("Playing message: " + nextMessage.text);
159      delay(100); // debounce
160      lcd.clear();
161      lcd.setCursor(0,0);
162      lcd.print(nextMessage.text);
163    }
164    
165   
166    
167    events.send("Played message: " + nextMessage.text, "message", millis());
168    playMessage = false;   // reset playMessage
169  }
170    
171
172
173}
174
175void dot(){
176  digitalWrite(buzzPin,HIGH);
177  delay(200);
178  Serial.println(".");                // 1 time unit
179  digitalWrite(buzzPin,LOW);
180  delay(200);                     // 3 times units of space
181}
182void dash(){
183  digitalWrite(buzzPin,HIGH);
184  delay(600);
185  Serial.println("-");
186  digitalWrite(buzzPin,LOW);
187  delay(200);                     // 3 time units space
188}
189void translate(char c){
190  switch (c){    
191    case 'a' : dot(); dash(); break;
192    case 'b' : dash(); dot(); dot(); dot(); break;
193    case 'c' : dash(); dot(); dash(); dot(); break;
194    case 'd' : dash(); dot(); dot(); break;
195    case 'e' : dot(); break;
196    case 'f' : dot(); dot(); dash(); dot(); break;
197    case 'g' : dash(); dash(); dot(); break;
198    case 'h' : dot(); dot(); dot(); dot(); break;
199    case 'i' : dot(); dot(); break;
200    case 'j' : dot(); dash(); dash(); dash(); break;
201    case 'k' : dash(); dot(); dash(); break;
202    case 'l' : dot(); dash(); dot(); dot(); break;
203    case 'm' : dash(); dash(); break;
204    case 'n' : dash(); dot(); break;
205    case 'o' : dash(); dash(); dash(); break;
206    case 'p' : dot(); dash(); dash(); dot(); break;
207    case 'q' : dash(); dash(); dot(); dash(); break;
208    case 'r' : dot(); dash(); dot(); break;
209    case 's' : dot(); dot(); dot(); break;
210    case 't' : dash(); break;
211    case 'u' : dot(); dot(); dash(); break;
212    case 'v' : dot(); dot(); dot(); dash(); break;
213    case 'w' : dot(); dash(); dash(); break;
214    case 'x' : dash(); dot(); dot(); dash(); break;
215    case 'y' : dash(); dot(); dash(); dash(); break;
216    case 'z' : dash(); dash(); dot(); dot(); break;
217    case ' ' : space = true; break;
218      }
219
220}
221void playMorse(String message){
222  for(int i = 0; i<message.length();i++){
223      letter = message.charAt(i);
224      Serial.println(letter);
225      translate(letter);
226      delay(600);
227      if(space == true){
228        delay(800); // 4 time units of space, + 3 units from earlier makes 7 units
229        space = false;
230      }
231    }
232}

#include <vector>
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <hd44780.h>  // lcd libraries
#include <hd44780ioClass/hd44780_I2Cexp.h>

hd44780_I2Cexp lcd;  // Create lcd object (MUST be named "lcd")


const char* ssid = "Your Network";
const char* password = "Your Password";

AsyncWebServer server(80); // port 80 = normal HTTP
AsyncEventSource events("/events"); // Global SSE endpoint

struct Message {
  String text;
  String mode;
};
std::vector<Message> messageQueue;


int buzzPin = 19;
int LEDpin = 27;
int bPin = 18;
int bVal;

char letter;
bool space;
bool messageSent = false; 
bool playMessage; 
void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Wire.begin();
  lcd.begin(16,2);
  pinMode(buzzPin,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(bPin,INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(LEDpin,OUTPUT);


  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  Serial.println("Connecting to Wi-Fi...");
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
  }
  Serial.println();
  Serial.print("Connected! IP address: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
  server.addHandler(&events);
  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request){
    request->send(200, "text/html", R"rawliteral(
      <!DOCTYPE html>
      <html lang="en">
      <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <title>Message Sender</title>
        <style>
          body { font-family: sans-serif; display:flex; justify-content:center; align-items:center; min-height:100vh; background: #f0f0f0;}
          .container { background:white; padding:30px; border-radius:15px; max-width:500px; width:100%; text-align:center; box-shadow:0 10px 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);}
          textarea { width:100%; padding:10px; font-size:16px; border-radius:8px; border:1px solid #ccc; margin-bottom:20px; resize:none;}
          button { padding:12px 40px; font-size:16px; border:none; border-radius:50px; background: #667eea; color:white; cursor:pointer; transition:0.3s;}
          button:hover { background:#764ba2;}
          #status { display:none; margin-top:20px; padding:10px; background:#4CAF50; color:white; border-radius:8px; }
        </style>
      </head>
      <body>
        <div class="container">
          <h1>Message Sender</h1>
          <textarea id="message-input" rows="3" placeholder="Type your message here..."></textarea>
          <br>
          <div class="mode-section">
            <label for="mode">Select Mode:</label>
            <select id="mode">
              <option value="morse">Morse Encoder</option>
              <option value="lcd">LCD Display</option>
            </select>
          </div>
          <br>
          <button onclick="sendMessage()">🚀 Send Message</button>
          <div id="status">Message received!</div>
        </div>
        <script>
          // Connect to SSE
          const evtSource = new EventSource("/events");
          evtSource.onmessage = function(e) {
            const statusDiv = document.getElementById("status");
            statusDiv.style.display = "block";
            statusDiv.innerText = e.data;
          };

          function sendMessage() {
            const statusDiv = document.getElementById("status");
            statusDiv.style.display = "none"; // hide immediately

            const msg = document.getElementById("message-input").value;
            const mode = document.getElementById("mode").value;

            fetch(`/send?msg=${encodeURIComponent(msg)}&mode=${encodeURIComponent(mode)}`)
              .then(response => response.text())
              .then(data => console.log(data));
          }
        </script>
      </body>
      </html>
    )rawliteral");
  });

  // Route to receive message & store to queue
server.on("/send", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request){
  if (request->hasParam("msg") && request->hasParam("mode")) {
    String msg = request->getParam("msg")->value();
    String mode = request->getParam("mode")->value();

    // Save both message and mode into queue
    Message newMessage;
    newMessage.text = msg;
    newMessage.mode = mode;
    messageQueue.push_back(newMessage);

    Serial.println("Queued: " + msg + " (mode: " + mode + ")");
    request->send(200, "text/plain", "Message queued!");
  } else {
    request->send(400, "text/plain", "Missing message or mode");
  }
});
  server.begin();
}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
  
  if(!messageQueue.empty()){
    digitalWrite(LEDpin,HIGH);   //led shows message waiting
    lcd.setCursor(0,0);
    lcd.print("message awaiting");
    bVal = digitalRead(bPin);
    //wait for button to play message
    if(bVal == 0){                  
      playMessage = true;
    }
  }

  if(playMessage == true){
    digitalWrite(LEDpin,LOW);
    Message nextMessage = messageQueue[0];  // get first message
    messageQueue.erase(messageQueue.begin()); // remove it from queue

    if(nextMessage.mode == "morse"){
      Serial.println("Playing message: " + nextMessage.text);
      delay(100); // debounce
      playMorse(nextMessage.text);
    }else if (nextMessage.mode == "lcd"){
      Serial.println("Playing message: " + nextMessage.text);
      delay(100); // debounce
      lcd.clear();
      lcd.setCursor(0,0);
      lcd.print(nextMessage.text);
    }
    
   
    
    events.send("Played message: " + nextMessage.text, "message", millis());
    playMessage = false;   // reset playMessage
  }
    


}

void dot(){
  digitalWrite(buzzPin,HIGH);
  delay(200);
  Serial.println(".");                // 1 time unit
  digitalWrite(buzzPin,LOW);
  delay(200);                     // 3 times units of space
}
void dash(){
  digitalWrite(buzzPin,HIGH);
  delay(600);
  Serial.println("-");
  digitalWrite(buzzPin,LOW);
  delay(200);                     // 3 time units space
}
void translate(char c){
  switch (c){    
    case 'a' : dot(); dash(); break;
    case 'b' : dash(); dot(); dot(); dot(); break;
    case 'c' : dash(); dot(); dash(); dot(); break;
    case 'd' : dash(); dot(); dot(); break;
    case 'e' : dot(); break;
    case 'f' : dot(); dot(); dash(); dot(); break;
    case 'g' : dash(); dash(); dot(); break;
    case 'h' : dot(); dot(); dot(); dot(); break;
    case 'i' : dot(); dot(); break;
    case 'j' : dot(); dash(); dash(); dash(); break;
    case 'k' : dash(); dot(); dash(); break;
    case 'l' : dot(); dash(); dot(); dot(); break;
    case 'm' : dash(); dash(); break;
    case 'n' : dash(); dot(); break;
    case 'o' : dash(); dash(); dash(); break;
    case 'p' : dot(); dash(); dash(); dot(); break;
    case 'q' : dash(); dash(); dot(); dash(); break;
    case 'r' : dot(); dash(); dot(); break;
    case 's' : dot(); dot(); dot(); break;
    case 't' : dash(); break;
    case 'u' : dot(); dot(); dash(); break;
    case 'v' : dot(); dot(); dot(); dash(); break;
    case 'w' : dot(); dash(); dash(); break;
    case 'x' : dash(); dot(); dot(); dash(); break;
    case 'y' : dash(); dot(); dash(); dash(); break;
    case 'z' : dash(); dash(); dot(); dot(); break;
    case ' ' : space = true; break;
      }

}
void playMorse(String message){
  for(int i = 0; i<message.length();i++){
      letter = message.charAt(i);
      Serial.println(letter);
      translate(letter);
      delay(600);
      if(space == true){
        delay(800); // 4 time units of space, + 3 units from earlier makes 7 units
        space = false;
      }
    }
}

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Here is what the webpage looks like

Screenshot 2025-09-28 173929.png

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