Arduino Based Piano

Male/Male Jumper Wires

Arduino IDE

Arduino Uno Rev3

Buzzer, Harmony XVB

Solderless Breadboard Full Size

Pushbutton switch 12mm

<p >I missed playing my piano back home and it has been 2 years since I played it, so I thought of making one with Arduino! Even though it may not look or sound like an actual piano, it does seem to make music.</p><figure><img src=https://projects.arduinocontent.cc/84f0c9ab-d7f2-4ab1-ae5e-830ff3f29a1f.jpg /><figcaption> </figcaption></figure><h3 >Setup</h3><div id="gallery"><img id="gallery" src=https://projects.arduinocontent.cc/2cb4a361-368e-42f4-90d2-393044848b71.jpg /><figcaption> </figcaption><img id="gallery" src=https://projects.arduinocontent.cc/895a7f84-a77b-4c60-9024-6469107e3be3.jpg /><figcaption> </figcaption><img id="gallery" src=https://projects.arduinocontent.cc/6cf4e3e0-2368-4626-a5a7-ffbadd08454b.jpg /><figcaption> </figcaption></div><p >Carefully place the buttons on the breadboard. There must be a spacing of one hole between each push-buttons. Due to lack of Digital I/O ports in my Arduino Uno, I have only used keys from C (fourth octave) to F(fifth octave). I have also included F sharp (or G flat) and A sharp (or B flat) in my piano by using two different coloured push-buttons. I have not used the Analog I/O ports because turning on a pullup will affect the values reported by the analogRead( ).</p><h3 >Connections</h3><figure><img src=https://projects.arduinocontent.cc/b35f4165-aa5a-4f40-a332-857062568e26.jpg /><figcaption> </figcaption></figure><p >All push-buttons should be connected to Ground (GND).</p><p ><strong >Push-buttons</strong></p><p ><em ><strong >Fourth Octave</strong></em></p><ul ><li >C - D0</li><li >D - D1</li><li >E - D2</li><li >F - D3</li><li >F# - D4</li><li >G - D5</li><li >A - D6</li><li >A# - D7</li><li >B - D8</li></ul><p ><strong ><em >Fifth Octave</em></strong></p><ul ><li >C - D10</li><li >D - D11</li><li >E - D12</li><li >F - D13</li></ul><p ><strong >Passive Buzzer Module (KY-006)</strong></p><ul ><li >(+) - 5V</li><li >(-) - Ground (GND)</li><li >S - D9</li></ul><h3 >Coding</h3><figure><img src=https://projects.arduinocontent.cc/18fbeaf1-6930-4846-869d-bb9074c41485.jpg /><figcaption> </figcaption></figure><p ><span >First of all, create global variables for your push-buttons and your buzzer. Within the void setup( ), call pinMode( ) to configure each of your components' pins as INPUT or OUTPUT. If you have not connected your push-buttons to a 1 kΩ resistor, declare the pins as </span><a href="https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/InputPullupSerial">INPUT_PULLUP.</a><span > As mentioned in Arduino's tutorial, pressing the push-button will send a LOW signal when its pin is configured as INPUT_PULLUP. Declare the pin of Passive buzzer as OUTPUT because it is a transducer (a component that converts electrical energy into light, heat or sound).</span></p><p >Remember that the push-button is a momentary switch and will only complete the circuit when pressed. If it's released, the circuit will have a gap again. In this case, we will not be debouncing our push-buttons because if you remember quite well, a piano only produces sound when a key is pressed. The keys and momentary switch almost work in the same way, except for the strings that are hammered in the piano when a key is pressed.</p><p ><span >Therefore, within the void loop( ), you will be using if( ) and else if( ) to make your piano work. Please refer to this </span><a href="http://arduino.cc/frequencies">website </a><span >to get the frequencies of each piano note. Round the values to the nearest whole number before using </span><a href="https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en/language/functions/advanced-io/tone/">tone( ) </a><span >to produce sounds from your passive buzzer. The duration of the sound produced by the buzzer once I press a push-button is 30 milliseconds. You can shorten this duration according to your preferences. For example, if the music is fast, you must shorten the duration as the tone( ) function only works for one pin at a time.</span></p><p >Here is an example of code:</p><p >void loop( ){</p><p >if ((digitalRead(C4))==LOW){</p><p >tone(Buzzer, 262, 30);</p><p >}else if ((digitalRead(D4)==LOW){</p><p >tone(Buzzer, 294, 30);</p><p >}</p><p >...</p><p >}</p><p >If you have any questions with the coding, please feel free to comment below.</p><h3 >Final Look</h3><div class="se-component se-video-container __se__float-none" contenteditable="false" style="width: 100%;"><figure style="width: 100%; height: 56.25%; padding-bottom: 56.25%; margin: 0px;"><iframe frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xCdGTaL4YPk" data-proportion="true" data-percentage="100%,56.25%" data-size="100%,56.25%" data-align="none" style="width: 100%; height: 100%;" data-index="0" data-file-size="0" data-origin="100%,56.25%"></iframe></figure></div><p >If anyone has questions, or suggestions, about this project, please feel free to comment below.</p>

Arduino Based Piano

Don't have a piano? Make a simple DIY Arduino piano! Even though it may not look or sound like an actual piano, it does seem to make music.