Ground Proximity Sensing with Ultrasonic Sensor

It is a miniature counterpart of radio altimeter used on commercial aircrafts to be used with RC aircrafts and multirotors.

Mar 31, 2019

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12 respects

sensing

ultrasonic

distance

Components and supplies

Arduino UNO

Ultrasonic Sensor - HC-SR04 (Generic)

LED (generic)

Project description

Code

stable_ultrasonic_blink.ino

arduino

A code to sense rate of change of altitude of aircraft above ground in form of blinking of LED

1int triggerpin=10;
2int echopin=11;
3long duration;
4long distance;
5long  x;
6long x1=45;
7int z;
8void setup() {
9  // put your setup code here,  to run once:
10pinMode(triggerpin,OUTPUT);
11pinMode(echopin,INPUT);
12pinMode(9,OUTPUT);
13Serial.begin(9600);
14}
15
16void  loop() {
17  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
18digitalWrite(triggerpin,LOW);
19delayMicroseconds(2);
20digitalWrite(triggerpin,HIGH);
21delayMicroseconds(10);
22digitalWrite(triggerpin,HIGH);
23duration=pulseIn(echopin,HIGH);
24x=(duration/2)/29.1;
25Serial.print("Distance  :");
26Serial.println(x);
27z=(x1-x)/2;
28x1=x;
29Serial.print("\	 z :");
30Serial.println(z);
31
32if(z<-10)
33{
34analogWrite(9,25);
35delay(1000);
36analogWrite(9,LOW);
37delay(1000);
38}
39else  if(z>6)
40{
41analogWrite(9,25);
42delay(10);
43analogWrite(9,LOW);
44delay(10);
45}
46else
47{
48  z=map(z,-10,6,1000,5);
49analogWrite(9,25);
50delay(z);
51analogWrite(9,LOW);
52delay(z);
53}
54}
55

int triggerpin=10;
int echopin=11;
long duration;
long distance;
long  x;
long x1=45;
int z;
void setup() {
  // put your setup code here,  to run once:
pinMode(triggerpin,OUTPUT);
pinMode(echopin,INPUT);
pinMode(9,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void  loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
digitalWrite(triggerpin,LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(triggerpin,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(triggerpin,HIGH);
duration=pulseIn(echopin,HIGH);
x=(duration/2)/29.1;
Serial.print("Distance  :");
Serial.println(x);
z=(x1-x)/2;
x1=x;
Serial.print("\	 z :");
Serial.println(z);

if(z<-10)
{
analogWrite(9,25);
delay(1000);
analogWrite(9,LOW);
delay(1000);
}
else  if(z>6)
{
analogWrite(9,25);
delay(10);
analogWrite(9,LOW);
delay(10);
}
else
{
  z=map(z,-10,6,1000,5);
analogWrite(9,25);
delay(z);
analogWrite(9,LOW);
delay(z);
}
}

stable_ultrasonic_blink.ino

arduino

A code to sense rate of change of altitude of aircraft above ground in form of blinking of LED

1int triggerpin=10;
2int echopin=11;
3long duration;
4long distance;
5long   x;
6long x1=45;
7int z;
8void setup() {
9  // put your setup code here,   to run once:
10pinMode(triggerpin,OUTPUT);
11pinMode(echopin,INPUT);
12pinMode(9,OUTPUT);
13Serial.begin(9600);
14}
15
16void   loop() {
17  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
18digitalWrite(triggerpin,LOW);
19delayMicroseconds(2);
20digitalWrite(triggerpin,HIGH);
21delayMicroseconds(10);
22digitalWrite(triggerpin,HIGH);
23duration=pulseIn(echopin,HIGH);
24x=(duration/2)/29.1;
25Serial.print("Distance   :");
26Serial.println(x);
27z=(x1-x)/2;
28x1=x;
29Serial.print("\	 z :");
30Serial.println(z);
31
32if(z<-10)
33{
34analogWrite(9,25);
35delay(1000);
36analogWrite(9,LOW);
37delay(1000);
38}
39else   if(z>6)
40{
41analogWrite(9,25);
42delay(10);
43analogWrite(9,LOW);
44delay(10);
45}
46else
47{
48   z=map(z,-10,6,1000,5);
49analogWrite(9,25);
50delay(z);
51analogWrite(9,LOW);
52delay(z);
53}
54}
55

int triggerpin=10;
int echopin=11;
long duration;
long distance;
long   x;
long x1=45;
int z;
void setup() {
  // put your setup code here,   to run once:
pinMode(triggerpin,OUTPUT);
pinMode(echopin,INPUT);
pinMode(9,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void   loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
digitalWrite(triggerpin,LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(triggerpin,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(triggerpin,HIGH);
duration=pulseIn(echopin,HIGH);
x=(duration/2)/29.1;
Serial.print("Distance   :");
Serial.println(x);
z=(x1-x)/2;
x1=x;
Serial.print("\	 z :");
Serial.println(z);

if(z<-10)
{
analogWrite(9,25);
delay(1000);
analogWrite(9,LOW);
delay(1000);
}
else   if(z>6)
{
analogWrite(9,25);
delay(10);
analogWrite(9,LOW);
delay(10);
}
else
{
   z=map(z,-10,6,1000,5);
analogWrite(9,25);
delay(z);
analogWrite(9,LOW);
delay(z);
}
}

stable_ultrasonic_brightness

arduino

To measure the height and change brightness of LED accordingly.

1int triggerpin=10;
2int echopin=11;
3long duration;
4long distance;
5long  x;
6void setup() {
7  // put your setup code here, to run once:
8pinMode(triggerpin,OUTPUT);
9pinMode(echopin,INPUT);
10pinMode(9,OUTPUT);
11Serial.begin(9600);
12}
13
14void  loop() {
15  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
16digitalWrite(triggerpin,LOW);  
17delayMicroseconds(2);
18digitalWrite(triggerpin,HIGH);
19delayMicroseconds(10);
20digitalWrite(triggerpin,HIGH);
21duration=pulseIn(echopin,HIGH);
22x=(duration/2)/29.1;                //1/29.1=0.034 ~ speed of sound converted into centimeters per microsecond
23Serial.print("Distance  :");
24Serial.print(x);
25x=map(x,0,100,255,0);      //mapping the intensity  as per distance
26Serial.print("\	");
27Serial.print(x);
28Serial.println();
29if(x<255  && x>10)                 //code stability condition
30{
31  analogWrite(9,x);
32  }
33  else if (x<10) 
34  {
35    analogWrite(9,0);
36    }
37    else 
38    {
39      analogWrite(9,0);
40    }
41}
42

int triggerpin=10;
int echopin=11;
long duration;
long distance;
long  x;
void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
pinMode(triggerpin,OUTPUT);
pinMode(echopin,INPUT);
pinMode(9,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void  loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
digitalWrite(triggerpin,LOW);  
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(triggerpin,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(triggerpin,HIGH);
duration=pulseIn(echopin,HIGH);
x=(duration/2)/29.1;                //1/29.1=0.034 ~ speed of sound converted into centimeters per microsecond
Serial.print("Distance  :");
Serial.print(x);
x=map(x,0,100,255,0);      //mapping the intensity  as per distance
Serial.print("\	");
Serial.print(x);
Serial.println();
if(x<255  && x>10)                 //code stability condition
{
  analogWrite(9,x);
  }
  else if (x<10) 
  {
    analogWrite(9,0);
    }
    else 
    {
      analogWrite(9,0);
    }
}

Downloadable files

circuitDiagram

The fritzing drawing of circuit diagram

circuitDiagram

The fritzing drawing of circuit diagram

circuitDiagram

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ChinmayPatel

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